卫星解体碎片生成数值模拟

提出卫星解体碎片生成的数值模拟方法,对卫星模型解体实验问题进行了数值模拟研究。有限元重构方法是一种有限元与 SPH 方法的结合,能够模拟获得孤立碎片的特性数据。通过在 SPH 模拟结果中重构有限元单元,能够有效区分碎片云中的置信孤立碎片和非置信孤立碎片,结合图论方法能够获得每个孤立碎片的单元构成及其尺寸、速度矢量和质量等信息。进而通过数据统计能够获得碎片分布信息。解体碎片数值模拟数据与实验数据具有较好的一致性,表明了该方法的有效性。     

Explicit expression of collision probability in terms of RSW and NTW components of relative position

The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (P_c) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between P_c and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of P_c under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for P_c. The P_c was expressed as an explicit function of the radial, in-track, cross-track components of relative position and error covariance. The explicit expression is simple and compact, relates P_c with components of relative position, which are two kinds of important conjunction risk criteria. By introducing non-zero flight-path angle and ratio of velocity’s magnitude, a modified expression of P_c was presented for objects in eccentric orbits. For objects with eccentricity less than 0.01 (which account for 62% of all LEO objects), the relative error of the explicit expression is less than 0.107, or 0.252 for typical conjunction cases. What really matters in conjunction risk assessment is the order of magnitude rather than the specific value of P_c, the precision of the explicit expression is sufficient for conjunction risk assessment and decision-making for most LEO objects.     

Strategy to search fragments from breakups in GEO

This paper proposes a strategy to search fragments from breakups in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) region based upon population prediction and motion prediction by means of ground-based optical observations. Breakup fragments have uncertainties in the states such as their position and motion, or even in their existence. Population prediction and motion prediction resolve those uncertainties. Population prediction evaluates the time-averaged distribution of fragments, whose position at a given time is unknown, in the celestial sphere. Motion prediction evaluates the expected motion of fragments appeared in image series acquired by a telescope’s CCD camera. This paper logically describes procedures of the search strategy, and provides mathematical expressions of population prediction and motion prediction. This paper also validates the search strategy via actual observations, in which a confirmed breakup in the GEO region is selected as a target. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is valid even for searching uncataloged fragments from breakups in the GEO region.     

空间机器人一体化仿真系统的研究与实现

为对空间机器人关键算法进行验证和评估,开发了一套一体化仿真系统。该系统基于模块化设计思想,由遥测遥控接口、轨迹规划与控制、系统动力学模型、系统3D几何模型、相机成像模型、图像处理与位姿测量、碰撞检测与安全预警等模块组成。其中,3D实体模型及仿真场景由OSG(Open Scene Graph)建立,各关键模块的算法采用C语言编程实现,可对空间机器人执行在轨任务的关键算法进行闭环验证。最后对两种典型工况进行了仿真实验,结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

编队卫星防碰撞规避路径规划方法与控制研究

针对编队卫星在构型重构和构型失效重组时发生碰撞可能性最大的两种机动工况,采用数学规划的方法对其进行防碰撞规避准则、规避策略和控制方面的研究;并通过系统可控性证明出无径向推力相对于全向推力,也可以达到目标相位点只是燃料消耗得多。对编队构型失效重组工况中备份星机动前停泊位置,进入编队位置选择和启动时刻选择以及故障星离开编队后,目标轨道确定等问题通过数学仿真的形式予以解答。仿真结果表明,该研究方法真实可信、简便有效。     

Dominant Factors of Metal Jet Breakup in Micro Droplet Deposition Manufacturing Technique

For the solutions of random variations of metal jet breakup and difficulties in controlling and predicting the process parameters (e.g. jet length) in micro droplet deposition manufacturing technique, experimental methods combining with theoretical analyses have been developed. The jet formation, jet length and their dominant factors (oxygen concentration and disturbance frequency, etc.) are discussed. The statistical law of jet length is found that the probability density function (PDF) of jet length is a log-normal distribution. The results show that the formation and size accuracy of metal jet breakup are improved by adjusting the gas pressure and optimizing the disturbance frequency. Under this circumstance, the jet length and morphological deviation can be minimized, which provides a stable droplet stream for the subsequent manufacturing process.     

变形破碎特性对SLD结冰过程影响

基于结冰过程数值模拟,针对过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下的变形破碎特性及其对成冰过程影响进行了研究。利用动态阻力计算模型,分析了水滴变形对水滴运动轨迹影响,采用基于泰勒类比理论的计算模型,研究了水滴破碎过程、子液滴粒径分布特性等。完成了NACA 0012翼型典型SLD结冰算例的数值分析,与参考文献计算结果和实验数据进行对比。结果表明:对于SLD结冰,变形和破碎主要改变了水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,在加入变形破碎特性的计算模型后,可以较好预测结冰极限位置和冰形轮廓,说明该方法对SLD变形破碎效应及其影响的模拟是可行和正确的。      

主从式编队航天器连通性保持与碰撞规避

针对主从式航天器编队过程中存在的通信距离约束、航天器之间的碰撞以及空间干扰等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器和人工势函数的分布性协同控制方法。当初始通信网络连通时,通过在分布式协同控制器中引入吸引势函数,保证整个编队过程中通信网络始终是连通的。针对主航天器速度仅有部分从航天器直接可知的情况,为每一个从航天器设计分布式的速度观测器估计主航天器的速度,从而实现航天器之间的速度协同。此外,通过在控制器中引入非线性干扰观测器对外界干扰进行观测,显著增强了航天器编队的精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的分布式协同控制方法不但能够实现对主航天器的速度跟踪以及航天器之间的队形保持,而且能够在编队过程中实现通信网络的连通性保持和航天器之间的碰撞规避。     

液体环二次破碎所形成云雾区基本特性的研究

二次破碎是液体抛撒、破碎和雾化过程中一个非常重要的阶段,这个过程直接影响到雾化液滴尺寸的分布。本文介绍了可移动式无膜激波管工作原理和在这种新实验设备上进行光学测量的理论依据和实验结果。实验结果表明,液体环二次破碎产生云雾区的液滴Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径在固定点随时间的增加呈减小的趋势,而云雾区的宽度和云雾区前缘的液滴颗粒的Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径则随测量的距离增加都有所增加。     

半穿甲数值计算初步探讨：正碰撞均质钢甲计算

半穿甲子弹,又名穿甲爆破弹,其在侵彻一定厚度装甲后爆炸以起到杀伤破坏作用,因此子弹的侵彻机理和弹体的动强度问题就显得尤为重要。利用ANSYS／LS-DYNA3D计算软件对半穿甲子弹正碰撞均质钢甲的侵彻过程进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。