PS-InSAR技术在伯克利山滑坡监测中的应用

针对伯克利山的滑坡问题,利用从1992年到2010年期间获得的大量ERS1/2,Radarsat-1,TerraSAR-X星载雷达数据,提出运用永久散射体(PS-InSAR,Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术,以一幅主图像为基准,与其他SAR图像分别进行差分干涉处理,并限定幅度和相位双重阈值选择PS点,分析其相位在时域空域的频谱特性,最后通过滤波处理提取形变部分,结果成功地定位了伯克利山的滑坡区域,得到了地形的形变速率,为今后的灾害预警打下了基础.     

蜂窝夹芯板缺陷的ESSPI无损检测

蜂窝夹芯板的缺陷严重地制约和影响了其在航空航天领域的应用.介绍了电子剪切散斑干涉技术的基本原理,并利用电子剪切散斑干涉技术,用热加载的方式对蜂窝夹芯板进行了无损检测,通过图像处理及对含缺陷材料的3点弯曲实验,验证了电子剪切散斑干涉技术的正确性和适用性.结果表明,蒙皮与蜂窝芯子的脱粘等缺陷是蜂窝夹芯板强度降低的主要原因,该无损检测技术可以快速地对蜂窝夹芯板的质量检测进行评估.     

多干扰机InSAR欺骗干扰方法

单航过的干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）有很强的抗干扰能力,单部干扰机所发射干扰信号的干涉相位在不同快时间是完全相同的,不同慢时间也近似相等,不能产生具有高程信息的干扰图像。基于此,提出了一种利用双（多）干扰机产生InSAR三维图像欺骗干扰的方法,分析了InSAR的成像机理,给出了假目标模板设置方法,讨论了聚焦后复图像和干涉相位要求的干扰信号调制参数以及干涉相位的估计方法。产生的干扰信号在雷达接收机中可独立实现SAR二维像干扰,经干涉后能生成虚假高程信息,理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法能实现对SAR二维成像和InSAR三维成像的有效干扰。     

Effect of solar activity on the repetitiveness of some meteorological phenomena

In this paper we research the relationship between solar activity and the weather on Earth. This research is based on the assumption that every ejection of magnetic field energy and particles from the Sun (also known as Solar wind) has direct effects on the Earth’s weather. The impact of coronal holes and active regions on cold air advection (cold fronts, precipitation, and temperature decrease on the surface and higher layers) in the Belgrade region (Serbia) was analyzed. Some active regions and coronal holes appear to be in a geo-effective position nearly every 27 days, which is the duration of a solar rotation. A similar period of repetitiveness (27–29 days) of the passage of the cold front, and maximum and minimum temperatures measured at surface and at levels of 850 and 500 hPa were detected. We found that 10–12 days after Solar wind velocity starts significantly increasing, we could expect the passage of a cold front. After eight days, the maximum temperatures in the Belgrade region are measured, and it was found that their minimum values appear after 12–16 days. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs 14 days after Solar wind is observed. A recurring period of nearly 27 days of different phases of development for hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma was found. This analysis confirmed that the intervals of time between two occurrences of some particular meteorological parameter correlate well with Solar wind and A index.     

一种基于信号合成的无线电干涉测量方法

针对后续深空探测任务更高测量精度需求,文章提出了一种基于信号合成的无线电干涉测量方案,并对方案性能进行了理论分析;结合目前主流信号合成算法,提出了一种基于相位补偿的Sumple算法,该算法不仅合成效率高,且合成信号与参考信号具有相同的相位特性,这是天线组阵技术应用于无线电干涉测量的前提;利用相控阵天线试验数据和DOR信号仿真数据对合成方案和合成算法进行了验证,结果表明信号合成处理可以提高无线电干涉测量时延估计精度,这在深空探测任务中具有重要意义。     

折叠V形火焰稳定器原型的冷态与稳燃特性研究

为了获得折叠V形钝体这一新型火焰稳定器原型的冷、热态特性,采用风洞实验与混合雷诺平均/大涡模拟结合的方法对10组不同折叠角的折叠V形钝体火焰稳定器模型进行了冷态实验与热态数值模拟研究。其中冷态实验风速10~50m/s,来流雷诺数10000～80000,热态数值模拟工况为进气温度700K、来流速度50~150m/s,来流雷诺数20000～60000,当量比0.2~1。通过实验测得了不同折叠角折叠V形钝体总压恢复系数,通过数值模拟进一步获得了阻力系数、吹熄性能与燃烧效率,并获得了折叠V形钝体下游火焰时均轮廓。研究表明,折叠V形钝体总压恢复系数与阻力系数优于标准钝体,总压恢复系数随钝体折叠角减小而增大,阻力系数随折叠角减小而减小;折叠V形钝体抗吹熄能力与燃烧效率均优于标准V形钝体;折叠V形钝体的下游火焰扩散特性与标准V形钝体有显著差异。上述特性揭示了折叠V形钝体具备改善加力燃烧室性能的较大潜力,在实际应用中,还需对稳定器的空间排布做进一步研究与优化。     

冷原子干涉重力仪在深空环境下的微重力探测

主要介绍了冷原子干涉的基本概念和原子干涉重力仪的发展;介绍了原子干涉的基本原理和在微重力环境下原子干涉重力仪的优势;阐述了国际上微重力环境下原子干涉重力仪的研究现状及其可能的应用。相对其他重力仪而言,原子干涉重力仪成为深空重力场测量的上佳选择,并且深空微重力环境可以有效延长原子干涉仪的干涉时间,提高仪器灵敏度。     

Simulation-based evaluation of a cold atom interferometry gradiometer concept for gravity field recovery

The prospects of future satellite gravimetry missions to sustain a continuous and improved observation of the gravitational field have stimulated studies of new concepts of space inertial sensors with potentially improved precision and stability. This is in particular the case for cold-atom interferometry (CAI) gradiometry which is the object of this paper. The performance of a specific CAI gradiometer design is studied here in terms of quality of the recovered gravity field through a closed-loop numerical simulation of the measurement and processing workflow. First we show that mapping the time-variable field on a monthly basis would require a noise level below $5\text{mE}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. The mission scenarios are therefore focused on the static field, like GOCE. Second, the stringent requirement on the angular velocity of a one-arm gradiometer, which must not exceed ${10}^{-6}$?rad/s, leads to two possible modes of operation of the CAI gradiometer: the nadir and the quasi-inertial mode. In the nadir mode, which corresponds to the usual Earth-pointing satellite attitude, only the gradient $V_{\mathit{yy}}$, along the cross-track direction, is measured. In the quasi-inertial mode, the satellite attitude is approximately constant in the inertial reference frame and the 3 diagonal gradients $V_{\mathit{xx}}\text{,}{V}_{\mathit{yy}}$ and $V_{\mathit{zz}}$ are measured. Both modes are successively simulated for a 239?km altitude orbit and the error on the recovered gravity models eventually compared to GOCE solutions. We conclude that for the specific CAI gradiometer design assumed in this paper, only the quasi-inertial mode scenario would be able to significantly outperform GOCE results at the cost of technically challenging requirements on the orbit and attitude control.     

一种解大旋翼类雷达目标微Doppler模糊的方法

在单通道模式下,当雷达目标旋转半径比较大时,脉冲重复频率与微多普勒带宽之间可能会出现欠采样的情形,导致在时频面上发生微多普勒混叠,从而不能得到完整的微多普勒信息。针对此问题,提出了一种基于双通道干涉处理的解大旋翼类雷达目标微多普勒模糊的方法。文中详细推导了该模式下此类目标引起的微多普勒频率和微多普勒带宽的参数化表达式,分析表明其微多普勒带宽受一个正弦因子的调制而显著减小,从而使其满足香农采样定理,避免了微多普勒模糊现象。最后,数值仿真表明了理论推导和所述方法的正确性。     

三组元喷嘴流量特性的试验研究

对气氢／液氧／煤油火箭发动机重要部件三组元喷嘴的四种类型进行了流量竺性试验;研究了喷嘴流量随各组元喷注压缩的变化规律;分析了喷嘴结构对流量系数的影响;比较了三组元工况和双组元工况下喷嘴的流量特性;测量了离心内混式喷嘴燃料内混腔中的压力并分析了该喷嘴的流量特性。