The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities: An appraisal

The European Union draft Code of Conduct for outer space activities is one of the primary international initiatives, that are currently active, to enhance the safety, security and sustainability of outer space activities. Although the spirit underlying the instrument is commonly shared by space-faring countries, substantial disagreement exists among States as to some of its core provisions. This article proposes that the Code of Conduct should make a clear distinction between commercial activities and military activities, and adopt more balanced measures on the restriction of military activities in outer space.     

The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

光纤陀螺本征频率对准误差引起的零偏漂移抑制方法

在温度环境下,光纤环的伸缩及光折射率的变化等会引起光纤陀螺本征频率发生变化,产生光纤陀螺本征频率与陀螺调制频率对准误差,进而导致探测器信号中的“尖峰脉冲”信号发生变化,使光纤陀螺产生零偏漂移。通过分析光纤陀螺本征频率的变化,提出了一种调制频率自动跟踪本征频率的方法,从而减小了温度条件下光纤陀螺的零偏漂移。试验验证结果表明,采用该方法的光纤陀螺在-40℃～+60℃的温度范围内固定温度点下的零偏极差减小了50%。     

一种提高伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法

考虑BOC调制信号主峰锁定的不确定性以及采用DLL环的不足与缺陷,提出了一种提高 伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法。通过多峰去除处理达到了去除副载波的目的,从而去 除副峰引发的模糊性,恢复单峰值特性;通过变采样率处理,结合NVELP伪码跟 踪处理对提炼的主峰进行相位锁定。从有效性、信噪比容限角度进行仿真与评估 ,得出结论：主峰锁定法不但可以达到对BOC调制信号主峰提取及相位锁定的目的,而且可 以正确输出导航电文信息。
     

鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子偏性

从NCBI 数据库(http:∥www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview/map)下载鸡Z染色体上全部基因完整的cDNA,最终共有626个基因的CDS序列纳入统计分析.使用CodonW(1.4.2)进行密码子偏性分析,确定了CGG、AGC、UGC等26个密码子为Z染色体基因表达的"最优"密码子.对应分析表明,影响鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子偏性的主要因素分别为GC3s、基因的表达丰度、GC含量、CDS长度及氨基酸的疏水性.鸡Z染色体基因表达的密码子用法受到了核苷酸组成偏好的显著影响,这种核苷酸组成偏好很可能是突变偏畸、固定偏畸及基因转换导致的.对于鸡这种群体有效规模较大的群体,密码子的偏性更有可能是核苷酸组成偏好及选择等因素综合作用的结果.     

小束斑电子束脉冲轰击偏压电源的研制

为了获得一种性价比较高的电子束表面处理技术,采用定频调压电路,研制出一种新型偏压脉冲电源。这种电源由偏压主电路拓扑、偏压变压器和偏压整流滤波电路组成,其中偏压主电路由偏压基值发生电路和偏压脉冲发生电路组成。偏压基值发生电路控制偏压脉冲基值,偏压脉冲发生电路控制偏压脉冲频率和占空比。脉冲偏压电源的脉冲基值、脉冲频率、占空比均连续可调,相应实现脉冲束流的幅值、束流频率和占空比的调节。检测分析了脉冲偏压电源的输出电压波形,带载时的输出束流波形,并观察分析了电子束轰击后钨合金组织变化规律。结果表明所研制的脉冲偏压电源输出电压稳定、可调性好,能满足小束斑脉冲电子束轰击工艺的要求。     

三轴一体光纤陀螺高精度标定方法

针对三轴一体光纤陀螺,定义了标定转换模型,理论上分析了标定过程中各项参数之间相互影响以及地球转速影响导致标定精度较低的问题.针对零偏、标度因数和安装误差角提出一种各项分离测试的高精度标定方法,并将此方法实际应用于某三轴一体高精度光纤陀螺捷联系统,得到了陀螺标定结果.对标定结果进行了误差检验测试以及应用标定结果后进行了系统静、动态测试.测试结果表明:经过标定过程后陀螺精度以及系统测试结果均达到了预期性能要求,验证了标定方法的正确性和实用性.     

用于微小卫星的陀螺随机常值偏置误差的在轨标定

结合陀螺在微小卫星上的使用,提出了一种不依赖于其余敏感器信息的陀螺随机常值偏置实时在轨标定技术.该技术利用陀螺在轨实时测量信息,结合卫星姿态动力学本身的约束,实现了陀螺加电后初始随机零偏的在轨实时确定.分析了标定模型的可观性,得出了该技术的适用条件.仿真结果表明,该标定算法具有较高精度,对陀螺采样频率具有一定的鲁棒性,并具有较快的收敛速度,在给定的姿态动力学模型的精度条件下,100 s内基本稳定,收敛精度在1.0 (°)/h左右,标定性能可满足空间任务的需求.