高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀实验方法研究 (Ⅰ)方案论证及数值模拟

分析了高过载对固体火箭发动机流场和绝热层烧蚀的影响规律，提出一种新的研究思路：采用数值模拟方法来预示发动机三维两相流场，建立高过载流场模拟实验装置，开展绝热层烧蚀实验，建立高过载条件下的绝热层烧蚀模型，在此基础上发展高过载发动机绝热层设计和烧蚀预示方法。其中关键技术是高过载流场的模拟，对粒子加入法和弯管分离法两种方案进行了论证，认为弯管分离法原理上是可行的。为了验证这种方案的可行性，开展了弯管通道两相流的数值模拟研究，计算结果表明弯管装置具有使凝相粒子聚集形成高浓度粒子流的功能。     

固体火箭发动机特征间隙分析

为了分析大长径比固体火箭发动机点火瞬态过程性能散布的主要原因，引入特征间隙概念，分析了其性质，并验证其适用性，将其作为设计准则，分析了两台发动机点火瞬态过程，认为大长径比发动机点火瞬态过程性能散布主要原因不是加工精度，而是点火装置性能散布，并用数值计算验证了这一结论。     

通用加速计算在环幕失真校正中的应用研究

大规模场景的沉浸式投影系统大都以环幕作为显示设备,而由环幕造成的几何失真使系统真实感大大降低。从环幕产生失真的几何原理出发,通过建立投影平面和成像面之间的坐标映射关系,生成了一种几何失真校正的理论模型。同时,研究了一种适于通用加速计算的图形硬件架构CUDA,基于其多线程的硬件执行机制,通过将几何失真的校正矩阵组织成纹理进行多重纹理贴图映射,设计了预失真校正的硬件加速算法,该算法还利用基于权值的超采样技术对加速中的走样进行了设计。最后,对该方法的校正效率和效果进行了实验验证,证明该方法具有更高的场景交互速度和很好的校正效果。     

不同温、湿度条件下硅橡胶密封圈贮存寿命研究

通过对硅橡胶P6144密封圈的加速老化试验,建立了该密封圈材料在贮存温度下的压缩永久变形和时间的关系,预测了25℃、35℃、45℃、55℃、65℃和75℃温度条件下硅橡胶P6144密封材料的贮存寿命,研究了温度对硅橡胶密封圈贮存寿命的影响规律。     

MESSENGER: Exploring Mercury’s Magnetosphere

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury offers our first opportunity to explore this planet’s miniature magnetosphere since the brief flybys of Mariner 10. Mercury’s magnetosphere is unique in many respects. The magnetosphere of Mercury is among the smallest in the solar system; its magnetic field typically stands off the solar wind only ∼1000 to 2000 km above the surface. For this reason there are no closed drift paths for energetic particles and, hence, no radiation belts. Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause may erode the subsolar magnetosphere, allowing solar wind ions to impact directly the regolith. Inductive currents in Mercury’s interior may act to modify the solar wind interaction by resisting changes due to solar wind pressure variations. Indeed, observations of these induction effects may be an important source of information on the state of Mercury’s interior. In addition, Mercury’s magnetosphere is the only one with its defining magnetic flux tubes rooted beneath the solid surface as opposed to an atmosphere with a conductive ionospheric layer. This lack of an ionosphere is probably the underlying reason for the brevity of the very intense, but short-lived, ∼1–2 min, substorm-like energetic particle events observed by Mariner 10 during its first traversal of Mercury’s magnetic tail. Because of Mercury’s proximity to the sun, 0.3–0.5 AU, this magnetosphere experiences the most extreme driving forces in the solar system. All of these factors are expected to produce complicated interactions involving the exchange and recycling of neutrals and ions among the solar wind, magnetosphere, and regolith. The electrodynamics of Mercury’s magnetosphere are expected to be equally complex, with strong forcing by the solar wind, magnetic reconnection, and pick-up of planetary ions all playing roles in the generation of field-aligned electric currents. However, these field-aligned currents do not close in an ionosphere, but in some other manner. In addition to the insights into magnetospheric physics offered by study of the solar wind–Mercury system, quantitative specification of the “external” magnetic field generated by magnetospheric currents is necessary for accurate determination of the strength and multi-polar decomposition of Mercury’s intrinsic magnetic field. MESSENGER’s highly capable instrumentation and broad orbital coverage will greatly advance our understanding of both the origin of Mercury’s magnetic field and the acceleration of charged particles in small magnetospheres. In this article, we review what is known about Mercury’s magnetosphere and describe the MESSENGER science team’s strategy for obtaining answers to the outstanding science questions surrounding the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury and its small, but dynamic, magnetosphere.     

Galactic Wind: Mass Fractionation and Cosmic Ray Acceleration

The dynamical and chemical effects of the Galactic Wind are discussed. This wind is primarily driven by the pressure gradient of the Cosmic Rays. Assuming the latter to be accelerated in the Supernova Remnants of the disk which at the same time produce the Hot Interstellar Medium, it is argued that the gas removed by the wind is enriched in the nucleosynthesis products of Supernova explosions. Therefore the moderate mass loss through this wind should still be able to remove a substantial amount of metals, opening the way for stars to produce more metals than observed in the disk, by e.g. assuming a Salpeter-type stellar initial mass function beyond a few Solar masses. The wind also allows a global, physically appealing interpretation of Cosmic Ray propagation and escape from the Galaxy. In addition the spiral structure of the disk induces periodic pressure waves in the expanding wind that become a sawtooth shock wave train at large distances which can re-accelerate “knee” particles coming from the disk sources. This new Galactic Cosmic Ray component can reach energies of a few×10¹⁸ eV and may contribute to the juncture between the particles of Galactic and extragalactic origin in the observed overall Cosmic Ray spectrum.     

在单脉冲内利用Hough-Ambiguity变换估计目标加速度研究

根据雷达发射恒定载频信号时匀加速目标的回波为线性调频（LFM）信号的特点,研究了在单脉冲内基于Hough—Ambiguity变换（HAT）估计目标径向加速度的问题。首先,采用Hough—Ambiguity变换得到信号的调频斜率;进而,根据调频斜率估计出目标径向加速度;最后,仿真实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

一种涡轮发动机加速控制规律设计的新方法

 提出了一种涡喷、涡扇发动机加速控制规律快速设计的新方法：在发动机稳态特性计算模型的基础上,通过额外增加转子提取功率,使得发动机稳态工作点（线）靠近喘振边界,在同时考虑燃烧室富油熄火边界、涡轮进口总温限制以及压气机喘振裕度限制的条件下,利用适当的控制规律描述形式并结合发动机工程研制中的经验,能够快速而准确地获得涡喷、涡扇发动机加速控制规律。对某型涡喷发动机加速控制规律的改进的计算结果表明,提出的加速控制规律的设计方法准确而有效。     

基于退化模型的失效机理一致性检验方法

有效的加速试验必须保证产品的失效机理不变。针对加速退化试验(ADT)可靠性建模的特点,提出了一种基于退化模型的失效机理一致性检验方法。以基于随机过程和基于退化轨迹拟合的退化模型为例,通过加速系数的2种等效定义分别建立了模型参数与失效机理不变的内在联系,进一步推导出其参数在不同应力下须满足的关系。在合理假定检验样本服从正态分布的基础上,利用t统计量对样本的一致性进行检验。通过2个ADT实例验证了所提检验方法的合理性与可行性。     

RT-11燃油调节器加速性不稳定原因分析

介绍了某型发动机的RT-11燃油调节器加速性不稳定、起飞状态燃油供油量停滞的情况,分析了产生故障的原因和故障机理,并提出了修理中的改进措施。