中国南京地区L波段电离层闪烁初步统计分析

利用南京地区2008年11月至2009年10月电离层闪烁监测数据, 统计分析了该地区一年间L波段电离层幅度闪烁发生率的逐日变化、逐月变化、地方时变化和空间分布等特征. 统计结果表明, 在此期间, 南京地区L波段电离层幅度闪烁活动比较平静, 主要以0.14<0.2的闪烁为主, S₄>0.2的闪烁很少发生.不同强度幅度闪烁表现出一致的时间变化和空间分布特征, 2008年11月为最小,2009年6月、8至10月闪烁发生率都有明显的增强, 在10月达到最大, 在8月和10月的S₄>0.2的闪烁主要出现于正午到日落前这段时间; 对于闪烁的空间分布, 单站一年数据统计显示, 测站北向闪烁的发生频率高于南向, 但该统计结果需要更多的数据样本进行进一步的验证.      

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面成功制备了含稀土CeO₂的碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层。运用渗透探伤、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子探针、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等分析和测试方法研究了碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层的成形质量、微观组织、元素分布、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,涂层内无裂纹缺陷,仅在层间过渡区分布有少量气孔（孔隙率为1.65%）。涂层中物相主要包括富Ti、Cr元素的β固溶体（CrTi₄）、缺位型碳化钛（TiC_x）和稀土氧化物（CeO₂）。熔覆层各微区的碳化钛形貌存在显著差异,熔覆层顶部和中部区域呈发达树枝晶状和针状,而结合区由针状和小尺寸不发达枝晶组成。碳化钛枝晶中碳元素分布不均匀,一次枝晶含碳量高于二次枝晶。基体相中Ni和Cr元素呈现明显偏析,而Al和V元素分布相对均匀。此外,稀土氧化物CeO₂主要分布于TiC_x与CrTi₄相界以及CrTi₄晶粒边界处。与基材相比,尽管TiC_x增强钛基复合涂层具有较高的摩擦系数,但其耐磨性显著增加（提高近52%）。熔覆层和基材磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复合磨损模式,但熔覆层的磨损程度较轻。     

TC4钛合金惯性摩擦焊接过程的数值模拟

文摘基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立了TC4钛合金的惯性摩擦焊(IFW)焊接过程的二维轴对称模型,通过确立Johnson-Cook损伤模型以及ALE技术对TC4钛合金的惯性摩擦焊焊接过程进行了热力耦合分析,发现TC4惯性摩擦焊在0.2 s内温度升高到200~300℃,0.5 s左右温度升高到1 100~1 200℃之后温度升高趋于平缓,到达峰值后温度缓慢下降,焊接完成。轴向缩短量在0.6 s内非常小,温度达1 100~1 200℃(0.6~1.2 s)轴向缩短量增长十分快并基本达到峰值,1.2~1.4 s由于粘结作用温度不再升高轴向缩短量增加缓慢,1.4 s后焊接基本完成轴向缩短量不再增加。初始阶段轴向应力基本没有变化,随着温度升高(0.2~0.5 s)压应力在中心区域增大,0.5~1.2 s内边缘形成拉应力,中心区域应力集中愈发明显,1.2 s后拉应力明显增加。而径向应力随着温度的升高中心应力明显高于外侧并使金属向两侧流动。这就可以得出飞边形成主要是因为高温、轴向应力以及径向应力共同复杂作用而形成的结果。模拟结果基本与实际相符,对提高惯性摩擦焊焊接质量提供了重要的参考作用。     

4D打印技术的研究进展

4D打印是实现对智能材料的增材制造技术。本文基于复合材料、形状记忆聚合物、形状记忆合金等材料简要综述了4D打印智能材料的研究进展。目前复合材料的4D打印向着多材料精确复合、响应速度快、成形材料功能化等方向发展;4D打印形状记忆聚合物则朝着形态可控、实现特定动作等方向发展;4D打印形状记忆合金,目前向着相转变行为精确调控、变形可控等方向发展。由于目前4D打印形状记忆合金存在诸多未解决的问题,本文提出了获得近全致密4D打印形状记忆合金需考虑的因素;成形孔隙对其综合性能的影响;组织性能调控;变形控制;性能指标调节的冗余度问题;需要突破的科学问题等相关思考。总体而言,随着新型原材料、成形方法、控制软件和机器精度的不断发展,4D打印技术发展迅速,正逐步走向智能化、精确化和高效化。     

Quasi-static tensile behavior of large-diameter thin-walled Ti–6Al–4V tubes at elevated temperature

As promising light-weight and high-performance structure components, large-diameter thin-walled(LDTW) Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy(TC4) bent tubes are needed most urgently in many industries such as aviation and aerospace. Warm bending may be a feasible way for manufacturing these components. Understanding their temperature and strain rate dependent tensile behavior is the foundation for formability improvement and warm bending design. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at elevated temperatures ranging from 298 K to 873 K at tensile velocities of 2, 10, 15 mm/min. The main results show that the tensile behavior of LDTW TC4 tubes is different from that of TC4 sheets. The typical elongation of TC4 tubes at room temperature is 10%lower than that of TC4 sheets. The flow stress of TC4 tubes decreases greatly by about 50% with the temperature rising to 873 K. At temperatures of 573–673 K, the hardening exponent is at its highest value, which means the deformation mechanism changes from twining to more dislocation movement by slipping. The fracture elongation of TC4 tubes fluctuates with increasing temperature,which is associated with changes in the deformation mechanism and with the blue brittleness. The fractography of TC4 tubes at various temperatures, especially at 673 K, shows that second phases and impurities significantly influence fracture elongation. By considering the characteristics of the tensile behavior and by properly choosing the die material, the warm bending for TC4 tubes can be achieved at temperatures of 723–823 K.     

紊流环境下四维轨迹优化的伪谱方法研究

为了提高紊流条件下飞机的飞行安全,提出了一种基于伪谱方法的四维轨迹优化方法。建立了不确定环境中的飞机动力学模型和紊流模型,并设计了目标函数和约束条件;通过伪谱法将不确定环境下的四维轨迹优化问题转化为非线性优化问题,然后应用序列二次规划对该问题进行求解;讨论了不同的配点数对优化结果的影响,分析比较了GPM,LPM和RPM三种伪谱法的特点。仿真结果表明,紊流情况下,所提算法可以精确地找到四维飞行轨迹。     

基于TMS320C6201的MPEG-4运动补偿快速算法

MPEG-4是一种面向多媒体的压缩编码标准,运动补偿是MPEG-4视频压缩编码标准中的一种重要算法,本文讲述了在DSP TMS320C6201上快速实现MPEG-4运动补偿的方法,并给出了测试结果.该算法的设计思想也适用于MPEG-1、MPEG-2和H.263等视频压缩标准.     

国内电子客票的全面推广研究

随着航空企业国际化进程的日益加快和竞争日益激烈,电子客票在中国的全面推广应用已是势在必行.说明了国内电子客票应用的现状,分析了电子客票的优势和全面推广的意义,提出电子客票在推广应用中存在的问题,针对问题,运用市场营销4C理论,给出了解决问题的方案.     

NASICON固体电解质SO2传感器的特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成NASICON固体电解质材料,并以其为基体材料制作管式SO2传感器,敏感电极采用Na2SO3-30?SO4或者Na2SO4-30?SO4(摩尔比)复合硫酸盐.SO2浓度在(10～100)×10-6体积分数范围内,两种器件的灵敏度分别为81.1和60.6mV/decade.敏感电极为Na2SO3-30?SO4的元件响应和恢复时间分别为28.2 s和57.7 s;敏感电极为Na2SO4-30?SO4的元件响应和恢复时间分别为39.8 s和67.4 s.