Study of satellite retrieved CO2 and CH4 concentration over India

This paper reports a study of spatial and temporal variations of columnar averaged concentration of CO₂ and CH₄ over India using SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) data. Comparison of these data with the global view National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) land data and also location specific flask data is made. The temporal variation in column averaged global CO₂ is similar to that over India and it is also similar to the NOAA surface flask data and global view. The variation in NOAA surface CH₄ is location dependent and its global view appears to vary seasonally in opposite phase with the column averaged CH₄ values from satellites, reflecting the limited comparability of surface and column averaged data. Over India the CO₂ maximum is in May and minimum in August/September while for CH₄ the maximum is in September and minimum in February/March. The seasonal variation of CH₄ over India is correlated with the eastern coastal rice cultivation.     

O2 evolution and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis

Based on the purpose of better exploring the function of green producers in the closed aquatic biological life support system, the condition of dynamic O₂ evolution and performance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis were studied, the relationship between linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF-PSI was revealed, the function of CEF-PSI was investigated. Excellent consistency in O₂ evolution pattern was observed in cultures grown in both closed and open containers, O₂ evolution was strictly suppressed in phase 1, but the rate of it increased significantly in phase 2. CEF-PSI was proposed to be active during the whole course of cultivation, even in the declining phase 3, it still operated at the extent of 47–55%. It is suggested that the relationship between LEF and CEF-PSI is not only competition but also reciprocity. CEF-PSI was proposed to contribute to the considerable growth in phase 1; it was also suggested to play an important protective role against photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition at the greatly enhanced level (approximately 80–95%) on the 2nd day. Our results in this research suggest that E. gracilis had very particular photosynthetic characteristics, the strict O₂ evolution suppression in the initial culture phase might be a special light acclimation behavior, and CEF-PSI could be an important mechanism involved in this kind of adaptation to the changeable light environment.     

KMnO4对空间探测用SiC反射镜加工性能影响规律

SiC陶瓷作为新一代具有优异综合性能的反射镜材料,已在空间相机反射镜中得到了广泛应用。在SiC光学加工后期,需要进行表面改性以降低表面粗糙度提升表面质量,这将直接影响SiC反射镜的加工精度和周期,因此,有必要对其优化改进加工工艺。本文引入KMnO₄添加剂,分析了参与反应的化学反应机理,强氧化性在SiC试样表面发生化学反应,降低了金刚石微粉对SiC反射镜的磨削去量,实现了降低表面粗糙度的目的。通过工艺实验得以验证,系列金刚石微粉抛光Φ200 mm口径常压烧结SiC反射镜,添加KMnO₄后表面粗糙度相应减小,W7磨料达到了单独使用W3磨料抛光表面粗糙度的效果,W0.1磨料抛光后表面粗糙度S_q达到1.628 nm（4D,10×）,优于抛光表面改性SiC超光滑表面质量。KMnO₄添加剂的引入实现了SiC反射镜高效、高精度光学加工的目的。     

YE4电机定转子铁心制造工艺的研究

针对YE4电机开发需提高铁心制造精度的要求,通过对冲压模具的设计、材料选择和处理以及和冲床、硅钢材料的配合研究入手,减少了冲片毛刺高度。改进定子铁心装压的方法,提高了叠压系数,降低了电机铁耗。     

YE4系列三相异步电动机专用风扇的研究

通过对Y、Y2和YX3系列风扇典型规格进行风扇特性的对比分析,研究了风扇参数对风扇特性的影响。在此基础上,设计了YE4系列超超高效率三相异步电动机专用的风扇模型,在YE4132S22等5个规格样机上开展了对比试验验证,取得了预期效果。     

“嫦娥4号”月球背面着陆区月壳及深部结构特征

深部月壳和月幔物质结构是月球科学探测的关键问题之一。“嫦娥4号”初步将月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken,SPA）盆地内的冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑作为着陆点,具有重要的科学研究价值。结合月球重力、地形、布格重力、月壳厚度等地球物理数据,综合对冯·卡门撞击坑的月壳及其深部结构特征进行了分析。结果显示：冯·卡门撞击坑重复撞击到南部的冯·卡门M撞击坑上,后者的中央峰具有明显的布格正重力异常和线性的布格重力梯度特征,显示出高密度的幔部物质向上涌起;冯·卡门撞击坑极有可能穿透了该区域的整个月壳,并挖掘出了深部月幔的物质;该区域南部月壳厚度较薄小于5 km,北部平均月壳厚度在15～20 km,月壳平均密度为2 630 kg·m^-3,比背面高地月壳密度高,且平均孔隙度为9%,低于月球的平均孔隙度12%。     

“嫦娥4号”中继星任务分析与系统设计

作为"嫦娥4号"任务的重要组成部分,中继星将为着陆器和巡视器提供中继通信支持。不同于其它月球探测器,中继星首次选择了绕地月L2平动点运行的晕(Halo)轨道以保证对月球背面的着陆器和巡视器提供连续的中继通信服务,面临诸多技术挑战。在对中继星任务特点进行分析的基础上,梳理了研制中的技术难题,包括使命轨道的选择、使命轨道的到达和长期维持、中继通信体制选择等,并提出了解决方案。中继星的总体设计方案概述也在文中给出。     

铣削加工透波性Si3N4陶瓷表面质量研究

为了探索透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削中加工表面创成机理及加工工艺参数对其影响规律,对加工表面形貌和边缘破损特征,以及加工参数与切削力、表面粗糙度、边缘破损的映射关系等开展了试验研究。首先对加工表面形貌进行了分析,由于存在陶瓷粉末去除和破碎性颗粒去除两种形式,造成加工表面形貌结构一种体现为变化平缓,而另一种包含微裂纹、层状结构体等,且存在凹坑、沟槽等缺陷。其次研究了边缘破损形式及产生机理,当刀具运动到出口棱边处,刀尖应力集中处将产生微裂纹,并向工件侧面扩展,从而在加工表面和加工侧面诱导形成边缘破损。最后基于均匀设计试验,分析了工艺条件对加工性能的影响。结果表明:随着切削深度从0. 2增加到0. 5 mm和切削宽度从1增加到4 mm时,x轴切削力呈耦合增长,y轴切削力呈二次方增长;当切削深度和切削宽度分别为0. 2 mm和1 mm、进给速度为500 mm/min时,加工表面粗糙度值最小;转速为2 000 r/min、切削深度和切削宽度最小时,边缘破损幅值最小。此结果可为提高透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削加工质量提供技术支撑。     

原位生成Si2N2O与β-Si3N4晶种协同增韧Si3N4复相陶瓷研究

采用原位生成Si2N2O与添加β-Si3N4晶种的方法协同增韧,利用凝胶注模成型、无压烧结制备了Si3N4复相陶瓷材料,研究了协同增韧对材料力学性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明:通过添加5%(质量分数)的SiO2原位生成Si2N2O使材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧度有明显提高,分别达到359.8 MPa和4.67 MPa·m1/2,通过添加5%质量分数的β-Si3N4晶种,得到的Si3N4复相陶瓷材料中柱状β-Si3N4相生长完好、均匀分布,与板状Si2N2O结合良好.综合以上两种增韧机制使材料的力学性能进一步提高,弯曲强度为486.7 MPa,断裂韧度达到6.38 MPa·m1/2.     

航空声学风洞3/4开口试验平台地板对远场噪声测量的影响

利用Kirchhoff-Helmholtz声学理论建立了地板声波反射问题的时域理论模型,推导了地板面上反射波的幅值函数和延迟时间的表达式,并引入了恰当的数值方法对反射声场进行求解,理论方法的正确性得到了实验结果的验证。以典型的高斯调制正弦波脉冲和连续正弦波为例,用建立的理论方法对噪声信号的传播过程和平台地板对远场噪声测量的影响进行了数值模拟研究,结果表明：地板的存在将使得远场接收到的噪声信号中出现直达波和反射波,反射波包含了中心波和边缘波。在低频段,地板宽度增加,远场噪声声压级增大;在高频段,地板宽度增加对远场总噪声级影响不明显。对于高速列车（HST）模型,车底位置的声源比车顶位置的声源在高频段受到地板反射的影响更大。