浅析航天型号计量保证工作

计量保证工作是航天型号任务质量保障的基础,关系着型号任务的成败。主要介绍了航天型号任务中计量保证工作的现状和不足,结合航天型号任务的全流程工作,提出在型号任务各环节的计量保证工作建议。     

超导重力仪器:机遇与挑战

超导重力仪器是利用超导电性构建的精密相对重力测量仪器,其工作于4.2K液氦温度,具有仪器固有噪声低、稳定性好的特点。阐述了超导重力仪和超导重力梯度仪两种仪器的工作原理与技术特征,简要介绍了作者所在课题组超导重力仪器研制的进展情况。分析了我国资源勘查用航空超导重力梯度仪研制所面临的机遇与挑战,提出了应对技术挑战的策略方法。     

表面处理对聚酰亚胺柔性复合材料粘结性能的影响

使用聚酰亚胺(PI)膜和PI纤维编织布制备深空探测用柔性织物复合材料,研究表面处理对PI膜和PI纤维编织布之间粘结性能的影响。采用自制表面处理剂分别对PI膜和PI纤维编织布的表面进行处理,再经硅橡胶胶黏剂粘结制备柔性复合材料。使用T剥离强度试验方法测试柔性织物复合材料的层间胶接性能,并分析复合材料剥离面的形貌状态。结果显示,PI膜和PI织物的表面处理可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度。其中,PI膜和PI织物未经表面处理时,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度为8.9 N/cm。对PI膜进行表面处理,或者对PI膜和PI织物均进行表面处理的情况下,柔性织物复合材料的T剥离强度增加至11.7 N/cm和12.8 N/cm,分别提高了31.5%和43.8%。这表明对PI膜及PI织物进行合理的表面处理,可以显著提高柔性织物复合材料的胶接性能。     

Planetary protection issues related to human missions to Mars

In accordance with the United Nations Outer Space Treaties [United Nations, Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, UN doc A/RES/34/68, resolution 38/68 of December 1979], currently maintained and promulgated by the Committee on Space Research [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], missions exploring the Solar system must meet planetary protection requirements. Planetary protection aims to protect celestial bodies from terrestrial contamination and to protect the Earth environment from potential biological contamination carried by returned samples or space systems that have been in contact with an extraterrestrial environment. From an exobiology perspective, Mars is one of the major targets, and several missions are currently in operation, in transit, or scheduled for its exploration. Some of them include payloads dedicated to the detection of life or traces of life. The next step, over the coming years, will be to return samples from Mars to Earth, with a view to increasing our knowledge in preparation for the first manned mission that is likely to take place within the next few decades. Robotic missions to Mars shall meet planetary protection specifications, currently well documented, and planetary protection programs are implemented in a very reliable manner given that experience in the field spans some 40 years. With regards to sample return missions, a set of stringent requirements has been approved by COSPAR [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], and technical challenges must now be overcome in order to preserve the Earth’s biosphere from any eventual contamination risk. In addition to the human dimension of the mission, sending astronauts to Mars will entail meeting all these constraints. Astronauts present huge sources of contamination for Mars and are also potential carriers of biohazardous material on their return to Earth. If they were to have the misfortune of being contaminated, they themselves would become a biohazard, and, as a consequence, in addition to the technical constraints, human and ethical considerations must also be taken into account.     

页轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金

进行了Ti6A14V合金锆刚玉页轮和碳化硅页轮的磨削性能试验研究,分析了磨削用量对磨削力、磨削温度和磨削表面完整性的影响。磨削力通过KISTLER9265B测力仪测定,磨削表面温度由NIUSB-621X信号采集系统测得,磨削表面形貌和金相组织由HiroxKH-7700型体视显微仪和Quanta200型扫描电镜（SEM）观察,表面粗糙度由Mahr Perthometer M1粗糙度仪测得,表层显微硬度通过HVS—1000硬度计测定。研究结果表明：页轮磨削钛合金工件表面没有发生烧伤现象,磨削热影响区厚度小于50μm,锆刚玉页轮比碳化硅页轮更适合干式磨削钛合金。     

翻转课堂融入线上教学的应用探索——以“Photoshop图像处理”课程为例

在新的教学环境下,开展翻转课堂教学面临着巨大的挑战。结合教学实践,分析实施翻转课堂教学存在的问题,在教学设计、教学形式和教学评价等方面提出相应的对策。大部分学生对翻转课堂内容及形式总体满意,但课程设计方面存在一些不足,需在教学实践中不断完善。     

三维四向编织复合材料等效热特性数值分析和试验研究

 采用“米”字型枝状胞体有限元模型和试验方法对三维四向编织复合材料的整体等效热膨胀系数和等效热传导系数进行了分析并将计算结果和试验值进行了比较。研究表明枝状胞体模型能较为真实的反映三维四向编织复合材料的结构构形;有限元方法在分析热膨胀、热传导方面具有较好的精度;三维四向编织复合材料编织方向的热膨胀系数随着纤维体积比的增加而减小,随着编织角的增加而减小;热传导系数随着纤维体积比的增加而增大,随着编织角的增大而增大。     

无压浸渗制备Si3N4／Al复合材料的界面反应研究

研究Si3N4多孔预制体的表面氧化程度对无压浸渗制备Si3N4/Al复合材料界面反应以及复合材料性能的影响是复合材料优化设计的基础.不同氧化程度的Si3N4多孔预制体在相同的浸渗工艺下无压浸渗制得Si3N4/Al复合材料,利用EDS,XRD和洛氏硬度计分别测定陶瓷多孔预制体的成份,复合材料的相组成和硬度.结果表明:Si3N4/Al复合材料组成相包括Al,Si3N4,AlN以及少量的Si,Mg2Si,MgO,MgAl2O4;随着氧化程度增加,复合材料内AlN相减少,MgO含量增加,并逐渐出现MgAl2O4相;复合材料的硬度随预制体的氧化程度增加而线性下降;预制体的氧化造成Si3N4和Al之间的反应减弱是硬度下降的重要原因.     

TC4钛板飞行器蒙皮零件热校形研究

论述了金属板料热校形机理一一主要是高温下应力松驰及材料的高温软化效应．并根据此原理对某飞行器TC4钛板零件进行热校形,其校形结果达到预期效果。     

应变速率和温度对NiAl-30Cr-4Mo 共晶合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了温度和应变速率对NiAl-30Cr-4Mo共晶合金的拉伸性能的影响.研究结果表明在同一应变速率(1.67×10-4/s)下,随着温度的升高,材料的塑性增加;在韧脆转变温度(BDTT)923 K以上,随着应变速率的降低,合金的拉伸断口韧窝密集程度增大,合金塑性断裂的趋势越明显,且屈服强度随应变速率的降低而下降.