锈层对过冷沸腾换热影响的实验及数值研究

针对锈层对过冷沸腾换热冷却效果的影响，本文进行了理论分析、实验研究和仿真校验。首先结合经典的过冷沸腾换热理论，分析了锈层对冷却效果影响最大的几个因素。然后进行了一组夹套内壁生锈和未生锈两种情况下冷却效果的对比实验。实验发现，内壁生锈造成入口段温度大幅升高，且温升沿流道方向递次减小。接着分析了造成该现象的几大因素，推断锈层影响了流态进而抑制了沸腾换热机制是最主要的因素，并对不同入口流态下管内沸腾换热进行数值仿真，校验了上述分析结果。最后，根据研究结论，对过冷沸腾换热中易生锈或类似的粗糙内壁槽道的设计方法提出了建议。     

廊坊市工业企业技术创新现状及发展对策

本文通过对廊坊市工业企业技术创新现状调查研究，剖析了区域技术创新系统存在的问题和原因，提出了加快廊坊市工业企业技术创新的思路和对策。     

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

层次分析法在空间推进系统综合评价中的应用

在建立航天器推进系统综合评定体系的基础上，动用层次分析法对已经应用飞行的推进系统和有未来应用潜力的推进系统进行了评估。评估结果表明，从能量特性，使用性能、系统可靠性、经济性、系统特性五个准则上看，过氧化氢／煤油无毒推进系统是未来航天器在轨推进的最优选择。     

英汉对比的微观与宏观研究

文章首先简要总结了国内外英汉对比微观研究的现状，指出了理论研究主要在语言结构的普遍性方面，而目前最迫切的是要进行大量实用方面的研究，其重点在于两种语言的相异之处，包括同中有异和一方有一方无，同时又提出了对比中宏观研究的问题及宏观研究的两种重要方法－结合语言的社会功能和语言心理进行对比研究的方法，这就扩大了对比研究的领域，把英汉对比研究推进了一步。     

“读者接受”理论与《高级英语》教学自主学习模式研究

借鉴"读者接受"理论中以"读者为中心"的观点,研究《高级英语》课程教学的自主学习模式。本文认为,学生是审美活动的主体,在该教学模式中研究学生的元认知特点、教材、教学任务的设计和有效控制等因素,注重教学过程的研究,在实践中有效实现以学生为中心、培养学生综合素质的教学理念。     

高等教育结构存在的主要问题与创新——以河南省为例

河南省高等教育结构目前尚存在学科专业结构不舍理、产学研相结合未形成良性互动机制、高层次研发人才培养能力不足和高等职业教育人才培养模式还需优化等问题。要切实落实河南省高等教育基础性、先导性、全局性的战略地位，在确立适度超前发展的理念下，坚持可持续发展、本土化、开放协作和生态和谐的原则，以培育高等教育园区发展极作为河南高等教育结构创新的战略目标，以和谐的生态结构作为结构创新的基本形态，以学科专业调整与发展作为结构创新的核心工作，以产学研有效结合作为结构创新的突破口，全力推进河南省高等教育结构的创新。     

Deriving remote sensing reflectance from turbid Case II waters using green-shortwave infrared bands based model

The objectives of this study are to validate the applicability of a shortwave infrared atmospheric correction model (SWIR-based model) in deriving remote sensing reflectance in turbid Case II waters, and to improve that model using a proposed green-shortwave infrared model (GSWIR-based model). In a GSWIR-based model, the aerosol type is determined by a SWIR-based model and the reflectance due to aerosol scattering is calculated using spectral slope technology. In this study, field measurements collected from three independent cruises from two different Case II waters were used to compare models. The results indicate that both SWIR- and GSWIR-based models can be used to derive the remote sensing reflectance at visible wavelengths in turbid Case II waters, but GSWIR-based models are superior to SWIR-based models. Using the GSWIR-based model decreases uncertainty in remote sensing reflectance retrievals in turbid Case II waters by 2.6–12.1%. In addition, GSWIR-based model’s sensitivity to user-supplied parameters was determined using the numerical method, which indicated that the GSWIR-based model is more sensitive to the uncertainty of spectral slope technology than to that of aerosol type retrieval methodology. Due to much lower noise tolerance of GSWIR-based model in the blue and near-infrared regions, the GSWIR-based model performs poorly in determining remote sensing reflectance at these wavelengths, which is consistent with the GSWIR-based model’s accuracy evaluation results.     

Simulation study on slant-to-vertical deviation in two dimensional TEC mapping over the ionosphere equatorial anomaly

With the rapid increase of GPS/GNSS receivers being deployed and operated in China, real-time GPS data from nearly a thousand sites are available at the National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorology Administration. However, it is challenging to generate a high-quality regional total electron content (TEC) map with the traditional two-dimensional (2-D) retrieval scheme because a large horizontal gradient has been reported over east–south Asia due to the northern equatorial ionization anomaly. We developed an Ionosphere Data Assimilation Analysis System (IDAAS), which is described in this study, using an International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model as the background and applying a Kalman filter for updated observations. The IDAAS can reconstruct a three-dimensional ionosphere with the GPS slant TEC. The inverse slant TEC correlates well with observations both for GPS sites involved in the reconstruction and sites that are not involved. Based on the IDAAS, simulations were performed to investigate the deviation relative to the slant-to-vertical conversion (STV). The results indicate that the relative deviation induced by slant-to-vertical conversion may be significant in certain instances, and the deviation varies from 0% to 40% when the elevation decreases from 90° to 15°, while the relative IDAAS deviation is much smaller and varies from −5% to 15% without an elevation dependence. Compared with ‘true TEC’ map derived from the model, there is large difference in STV TEC map but no obvious discrepancy in IDAAS map. Generally, the IDAAS TEC map is much closer to the “true TEC” than is STV TEC map is.     

清代丛书汇辑小学著作论略

清代小学研究发达,丛书收录小学著作的数量非常可观。综合性丛书收录小学著作,自《四库全书》以后,较明代有了较大发展。专科丛书在《说文》学著作和音韵学著作的汇辑上最为突出。此外,由于清代辑佚学的兴盛,辑佚类丛书中收录小学著作的数量也比较多。清代丛书汇集小学著作,对清代以来的语言学及语言学史研究,是重要的文献基础,具有很高的学术价值。