飞机颠簸及其飞行处置

目的研究导致飞机颠簸的天气形势和环境条件;方法通过对颠簸区中的飞行气象条件、影响颠簸的几个主要因素、颠簸对飞行的影响以及在颠簸区中飞行时飞行员应采取的一些措施做了简要介绍,分析飞机颠簸预报指数和指标;结果揭示产生飞机颠簸的气象条件;结论增强飞机气象保障能力,以保障飞行安全。     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

基于BP神经网络的高精度陀螺恒流源补偿方法

为了提高陀螺恒流源精度,提出一种基于BP神经网络的陀螺恒流源补偿方法.采用BP神经网络训练恒流源控制指令与恒流源输出之间的非线性映射稳态模型,以实时估计恒流源输出偏差.设计恒流源控制指令补偿判据,当输出偏差超出设定裕度时,按比例对恒流源控制指令值进行实时补偿,使得恒流源输出更接近控制目标值,以实现更优的精度.通过实物在回路仿真验证了上述方案的有效性,并通过与传统对控制指令进行分段线性标定方法相比较,显示了上述方案的恒流控制优势.     

150kV逆变电源性能优化及其束源特性

为了进一步提高电子束流发生系统工作的可靠性和稳定性,提高电子束加工质量,采用AC-DC-AC-DC-AC-DC的拓扑电路、新型功率变压器、高压脉冲检测技术、优化的束流反馈控制与灯丝加热电流闭环反馈控制技术等,分别优化了高压加速电源、偏压电源与灯丝加热电源。将所研制逆变电源与150 k V/30 k W电子枪、真空系统等组成了一套电子束流发生系统,测试了该电子束流发生系统输出的高压、最大束流以及灯丝加热电流、偏压变化对束流输出的影响。试验结果表明:经过优化的逆变电源高压输出达到-150 k V,高压输出线性度较好,最大束流达到200 m A;高压、灯丝加热电流给定时,随着偏压降低,束流输出逐渐增大;高压、偏压给定时,随着灯丝加热电流增大,束流输出存在死区、线性增大区和恒流区。     

叶片前缘仿形涡流检测仿真与试验设计

仿形涡流检测技术因其耦合性好可有效抑制检测过程晃动而特别适合对大曲率叶片前缘快速检测。针对涡轮叶片前缘仿形涡流检测建立前缘及仿形线圈有限元模型,运用有限元方法分析叶片前缘凹坑、长裂纹、边沿凹坑3种典型缺陷在内外两种激励、不同内径线圈、不同频率等模式下的检测信号特征。仿真结果表明：大曲率前缘实施仿形涡流检测,检测区域可有效覆盖整个前缘区域,检测频率越高,检测灵敏度越高。双线圈检测模式下,外激励内接收比内激励外接收灵敏高,当内检测线圈尺寸大于缺陷的尺度时,内接收线圈内径越小,其相对灵敏度越高。结合仿真结论,制作前缘缺陷试块,采用锁相放大及图形化编程技术,设计前缘仿形涡流检测系统,试验结果表明,仿形线圈可有效检出前缘典型缺陷,检测幅值相位输出结果与仿真结论相似。研究成果可用于指导大曲率叶片前缘的工程实践检测。     

复合材料飞机的电流回路接地技术研究

随着复合材料在飞机中所占比重的增大,诸多电磁兼容设计的问题也日趋凸显。本文分析了飞机复合材料结构对电流回路接地的影响,介绍了复合材料结构内接地网的应用及研究现状,提出了接地网设计及优化时的设计目标与方法。     

电流积分器对I/F转换性能的影响分析

本文介绍了带分流结构的电流/频率转换电路和电流积分器的工作原理,推导了电流积分器的误差,并分析了运放的几个关键参数对l/F电路性能的影响.通过理论推导和实验对比,得出了I/F电路设计时电流积分器电路选择运算放大器的参考依据,并对带分流结构的I/F电路作出了改进.     

Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft

The four identical Cluster spacecraft, launched in 2000, orbit the Earth in a tetrahedral configuration and on a highly eccentric polar orbit (4–19.6 R_E). This allows the crossing of critical layers that develop as a result of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Since 2004 the Chinese Double Star TC-1 and TC-2 spacecraft, whose payload comprise also backup models of instruments developed by European scientists for Cluster, provided two additional points of measurement, on a larger scale: the Cluster and Double Star orbits are such that the spacecraft are almost in the same meridian, allowing conjugate studies. The Cluster and Double Star observations during the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events are presented, showing uncommon plasma parameters values in the near-Earth solar wind and in the magnetosheath. These include solar wind velocities up to ∼900 km s⁻¹ during an ICME shock arrival, accompanied by a sudden increase in the density by a factor of ∼5 and followed by an enrichment in He⁺⁺ in the secondary front of the ICME. In the magnetosheath ion density values as high as 130 cm⁻³ were observed, and the plasma flow velocity there reached values even higher than the typical solar wind velocity. These resulted in unusual dayside magnetosphere compression, detection of penetrating high-energy particles in the magnetotail, and ring current development following several successive injections of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere, which “washed out” the previously formed nose-like ion structures.     

国外大型太阳模拟器研制技术概述

国外航天大国均建有大型太阳模拟器,并在空间探测技术研究中发挥着重要作用。文章介绍了国外典型大型太阳模拟器,给出了其达到的技术指标,较系统地总结了国外大型太阳模拟器研制技术和经验,如准直镜、灯室和光学装校等关键技术的设计思路和解决途径,为我国研制大型太阳模拟器提供了技术借鉴和参考。     

开闭环PD型快速迭代学习控制方法及其在直流电动机中的应用

针对一类非线性系统的学习控制问题,提出了一种开闭环PD型快速迭代学习控制方法。此学习控制方法利用了系统当前的跟踪误差信号和前次迭代控制的跟踪误差信号,以及它们的微分信号,同时采用可调比例系数,根据系统误差的变化及时地调节比例系数,从而使目标的跟踪能力得到提高。通过分析给出了此快速迭代学习算法收敛的条件,直流电动机的仿真应用说明了此学习控制方法对于非线性系统具有较强的有效性和较好的可行性。