从10世纪以前的中日物质文化交流看落后文明对先进文明的学习

中日两国是一衣带水、隔海相望的近邻，有着两千多年的交往历史。在政治、经济、文化等诸多领域，两国人民始终有着密切的联系，特别是中国传统文化对日本本土文化的形成和发展产生了重大影响。本文通过在日本发现的大量中国文物，结合文献资料，从宏观上回顾了10世纪以前的中日物质文化交流。在此基础上，选取中国与日本发现的唐代铜镜为主要依据，在微观上对中日物质文化交流的实态、意义以及日本民族对待先进外来文化积极继承和发扬的态度进行思考、研究。     

Walter Thiel—Short life of a rocket scientist

In 2012 we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the first successful rocket launch that reached a height of 84.5 km and had a speed of 4.824 km/h (5x sonic speed). This rocket flew 190 km to the target location. One of the masterminds of this launch was Walter Thiel, a German chemist and rocket engineer. Thiel was highly talented, during his education from primary school until diploma exams he always received a grade of A in his exams. He was called “the student with the 7 A grades”. In 1934 Thiel became Dr.-Ing. (chem.), with the highest possible honor (summa cum laude), when he was only 24 years old. He started to work for the rocket development department at Humboldt University, Berlin. Walter Dornberger asked him to leave the university research department and become head of rocket propulsion development in his team in Kummersdorf, near Berlin. Thiel's groundbreaking ideas for the rocket engine would lead to a significant reduction in material, weight and work processes, as well as a shortening in the length of the engine itself. Thiel and his team also defined the fuel itself and the best ratio of mixture between ethanol and liquid oxygen for the engine. In 1940 the propulsion team moved from Kummersdorf to Peenemünde after the launch sites were completed there. Thiel became deputy of Wernher von Braun at the R&D units. One of Thiel's team members was Konrad Dannenberg, who later became famous in the development of the Saturn program. On the night from August 17 to August 18, 1943, Thiel and his family (wife and two children) were killed during a Royal Air Force bombing raid (Operation Hydra). The Moon crater “Thiel” on the far side of the Moon is named after Walter Thiel. The research results of Walter Thiel had a strong impact on the United States' rocket program as well as the Russian rocket development program.     

The First Chinese Ocean Color Satellite HY-1A

HY-1A is China's first ocean color satellite, and was launched on 15 May 2002as a piggyback satellite on the FY-1D satellite using the Long March rocket.There are two sensors on the satellite: China's Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (COCTS), and the CCD Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). In the report,first, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; Second, the quality and availability of the data are evaluated by the mean of the Complex Signal Noise Ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; Third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; Finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped by HY-1A to study its application potentiality. The results show that the HY-1A has a latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the furthering of national rights and interests.Meanwhile, some modifications are proposed for the next ocean satellite, suchas adding the case of tilt scanning, modification of the CCD element uniformity,and adding more ocean satellite receiving stations.     

民用飞机25.831d排烟适航条款和咨询通告研究

民用飞机的排烟能力直接影响到座舱出现烟雾情况下的飞行安全,对CCAR 25.831(d)条款和对应的咨询通告25-9A进行研究,为民用飞机座舱排烟的设计和适航验证提供支持。     

随钻测斜用微小型导航计算机系统设计与实现

为了满足随钻测斜仪器在油气井中恶劣环境下的测量要求,本文提出了一种以数字信号控制器（DSC）和FPGA组成的双CPU导航计算机方案。该系统由DSC（dsPIC30F6014A）作为核心处理器完成导航计算和滤波算法;由FPGA完成对IMU（惯性测量单元）数据的采集控制及传输等功能。DSC与FPGA之间通过串口传输,最终导航结果由DSC输出给外部控制设备。该系统很好的满足了随钻测斜仪的性能尺寸要求,试验验证结果表明倾斜角、方位角、和工具面角均达到了预期精度指标。     

SBIRS-Low目标跟踪交接分析

对天基红外卫星系统低轨部分(SBIRS-Low)单星只测角的主动段跟踪交接进行了研究。提出了用插值和滤波两种方法计算目标视线(LOS)偏差的算法。仿真讨论了多项式阶数和时间窗长度对插值外推法的影响,以及插值外推法与滤波法性能的比较。结果表明:当预测时间小于30 s时,预测视线偏差小于0.4°,此时预测视线将以较大概率落入跟踪相机视场角1°×3°范围内,满足主动段跟踪交接条件,表明单星主动段跟踪交接具可行性。     

带机械臂的月面巡视探测器的路径规划方法研究

针对巡视探测器路径规划和机械臂路径规划的不同和两者需要依次执行的连接需求,文章将月面巡视探测器的路径规划过程分为三个阶段：巡视探测器的路径规划、机械臂的路径规划、器臂动态联合的路径规划,针对不同的规划分别提出了不同的规划方法,并进行了仿真验证。研究结果表明,巡视探测器的整个路径规划是一个复杂的运算规划过程,在非结构化月面环境下,基于月面三维数字高程图采用改进的启发式搜索（A＊）算法,可以比较高效地完成巡视探测器的路径规划;在采用蒙特卡罗法建立机械臂可达工作空间的基础上,可以比较简单、准确地获取机械臂的规划路径;巡视探测器整个就位探测过程的实现需要两种规划的动态联合。     

基于小波变换的脉冲耦合神经网络预测模型及其应用

被称为第三代人工神经网络的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型,以其耦合机制、脉冲输出两大基本特性广泛应用于图像处理等领域。文章在两大基本特性的基础上对PCNN进行了改进:增加了绝对误差控制公式;连接强度以相关系数来控制,调整阈值设置为最小误差;网络的运行机制与以往的PCNN原理有所不同;将ATrous小波变换与PCNN模型相结合,形成了组合预测模型。将改进后的组合模型用于年降雨量的预测中,以求检验模型的可行性。预测结果表明,基于小波变换的PCNN组合模型用在年降雨量预测中是可行的,并取得良好效果。为进一步深化PCNN的理论、拓宽PCNN的应用领域、解决水文水资源中的预测问题提供了新的思路和方法。     

KM5A空间环模试验设备研制

KM5A空间环模试验设备主要用于为航天器进行地面模拟试验提供真空、冷黑及太阳辐射等空间环境。设备主要包括真空容器、真空抽气系统、热沉、氮系统、测量及数据采集系统、外热流模拟系统等。文章概要介绍了该试验设备的系统组成、主要性能指标及关键技术。     

Al-Mg-Sc 和Al-Mg-Er 合金的组织与性能

采用铸造—轧制—稳定化退火技术制备了Sc含量为0.10wt％和Er含量为0.25wt％的两种Al-Mg合金薄板,研究了不同处理工艺下两种合金板材拉伸性能、剥落腐蚀性能和显微组织的变化规律.结果表明,两种合金冷轧板材稳定化退火过程中拉伸性能有相同的变化规律,即随着退火温度升高,板材强度下降而塑性升高,Sc含量为0.10wt％的合金350℃/1 h退火仍然表现出很强的抗退火软化能力,而Er含量为0.25％的合金当退火温度高于280℃后迅速软化;300℃/1 h退火条件下,含Sc合金和含Er合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为424 MPa、314 MPa、18.3％和350 MPa、177 MPa、29.1％;与此同时,随退火温度的升高,板材抗剥落腐蚀的能力也表现出相同规律性的变化,即200℃/1 h左右退火时剥落腐蚀最严重,随着退火温度升高,腐蚀抗力增加,两种合金板材经280℃以上1h稳定化退火后,合金板材可以获得较好的抗剥落腐蚀性能;其次,与Sc含量为0.25wt％的5B70合金相比,研制的Sc含量为0.10wt％合金综合性能接近5B70合金,而这种合金的Sc含量只有5B70合金的40％,能显著降低合金的制造成本,预示着低Sc含量的合金在航天领域有良好的开发应用前景.