多处理机并行仿真技术在战术导弹制导精度仿真中的应用

本文结合某空空弹制导精度在十亿次并行巨型机上的数学仿真,研究应用Monte-Carlo法仿真制导精度时,影响结果置信度的因素,对Monte-Carlo模拟次数取多少为有效,合适,作者提出了一种看法,同时介绍了应用多处理机并行处理技术的巨型机及其应用.     

D／A变换静态误差的机助分析

12位以下D/A变换的静态误差(包括线性误差和微分线性误差等)主要取决于其电阻网络的精度。根据要求的静态误差限制值来确定网络电阻的容差,或者由已知电阻网络来预测和分析D/A变换的静态误差,是D/A变换研制工作中的一项重要工作。本文提出用蒙特卡洛法来进行这项计算机辅助分析,并以10位D/A变换为例说明仿真过程。文中提供的方法和给出的结果可供有关工程技术人员参考和引用。     

结构的模糊可靠性分析与应用

简述了模糊可靠性理论、有关定义并探讨了理论在结构强度设计中的应用方法，最后以航天器复合材料舱段结构为例，把蒙特卡罗法和模糊可靠性理论结合起来，进行模糊随机可靠性分析和计算。     

引战系统数学仿真中战斗部仿真的初步实现

研究了某导弹引战系统数学仿真中破片式战斗部仿真的实现。根据目标易损性,用蒙特卡罗法计算了战斗部对空中目标的杀伤作用,给出了炸点定位、破片飞行动力学系数、易损舱覆盖面积、杀伤区参数、破片对易损舱作用和易损舱杀伤概率的计算模型,并由此获得了目标杀伤概率和导弹单发杀伤概率。介绍了设计的引战系统数学仿真模型。该模型的作用和有效性在该导弹的闭合回路靶试中获得了验证。     

复杂网络可靠性数字仿真

讨论了复杂网络可靠性数字仿真方法，研究了网络中判断通路的算法，给出了数字仿真的程序框图。数字仿真比常规方法有更多优点。必将得到广泛的应用。     

Comparison of alternative route selection strategies based on simulation optimization

Air traffic flow management (ATFM) is a collaborative process between the airspace provider and the airspace users. The result of the collaboration should be an outcome that maxi-mizes the utility of the system without excessively penalizing any of the agents. This paper develops a discrete-event simulation model which consists of aggregate departure/arrival airports, flight routes, and sectors for evaluating the alternative collaborative route selection strategy. Given the different perspectives from air traffic control center (ACC) and airlines, eight performance-metrics and five alternative route selection strategies represent the past, current and proposed air traffic flow management operations that were evaluated. The Monte Carlo method combined with the Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA) simulation optimization technique is employed to assess the performance of different strategies. A case study of the upper air routes in central and southern China shows that the proposed model can be readily implemented to simulate different kinds of air traffic flow management strategies and predict the effect of changes on the airspace sys-tem. It also shows that the proposed alternative collaborative route selection strategy is an effective way in alleviating the en-route traffic congestion.     

Simulation of depth–dose distributions for various ions in polyethylene medium

Study of depth–dose distributions for intermediate energy ion beams in tissue-like media such as polyethylene (CH₂)_n provides a good platform for further improvements in the fields of hadrontherapy and space radiation shielding. The depth–dose distributions for ¹²C ions at various energies and for light and intermediate ion beams (³He, ¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne and ²⁸Si) as well as for heavy ions ⁵⁶Fe in polyethylene were estimated by using simulation toolkit: Geant4. Calculations were performed mainly by considering two different combinations of standard electromagnetic (EM), binary cascade (BIC), statistical multifragmentation (SMF) and Fermi breakup (FB) models. The energies of the ion beams were selected to achieve the Bragg peaks at predefined position (∼60 mm) and as per their availability. Variations of peak-to-entrance ratio (from 7.44 ± 0.05 to 8.87 ± 0.05), entrance dose (from 2.89 ± 0.01 to 203.71 ± 0.63 MeV/mm) and entrance stopping power (from 3.608 to 208.858 MeV/mm, calculated by SRIM) with atomic number (Z) were presented in a systematic manner. The better peak-to-entrance ratio and less entrance dose in the region Z = 2 to 8 (i.e. ³He to ¹⁶O) may provide the suitability of the ion beams for hadrontherapy.     

How Galactic Cosmic Ray models affect the estimation of radiation exposure in space

The radiation environment in space is a major concern for human spaceflight because of the adverse effects of high levels of radiation on astronauts’ health. Therefore, it is essential to perform radiation risk assessments already during the concept studies of a manned mission. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) have been identified to be one of the primary sources of radiation exposure in space.     

Nuclear fragmentation database for GCR transport code development

A critical need for NASA is the ability to accurately model the transport of heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) through matter, including spacecraft walls, equipment racks, etc. Nuclear interactions are of great importance in the GCR transport problem, as they can cause fragmentation of the incoming ion into lighter ions. Since the radiation dose delivered by a particle is proportional to the square of (charge/velocity), fragmentation reduces the dose delivered by incident ions. The other mechanism by which dose can be reduced is ionization energy loss, which can lead to some particles stopping in the shielding. This is the conventional notion of shielding, but it is not applicable to human spaceflight since the particles in the GCR tend to be too energetic to be stopped in the relatively thin shielding that is possible within payload mass constraints. Our group has measured a large number of fragmentation cross sections, intended to be used as input to, or for validation of, NASA’s radiation transport models. A database containing over 200 charge-changing cross sections and over 2000 fragment production cross sections has been compiled. In this report, we examine in detail the contrast between fragment measurements at large acceptance and small acceptance. We use output from the PHITS Monte Carlo code to test our assumptions using as an example ⁴⁰Ar data (and simulated data) at a beam energy of 650 MeV/nucleon. We also present preliminary analysis in which isotopic resolution was attained for beryllium fragments produced by beams of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Future work on the experimental data set will focus on extracting and interpreting production cross sections for light fragments.