Trailing-edge scalloping effect on flat-plate membrane wing performance

This investigation studies the effect of trailing-edge scalloping on the lift and drag force coefficients of flat, membrane wings that vibrate at low Reynolds numbers (<61,000). A series of rigid, flat plate frames with moderate aspect ratio and repeating membrane cell structure were studied and compared to a rigid plate and a rigid scalloped plate. Lift and drag measurements were acquired using an external force-balance; flow fluctuation measurements were captured with a hot-wire. Results showed that the size and aspect ratio of the latex cell had a greater impact on lift than scalloping and that scalloping had a greater effect on drag than the cell aspect ratio. Compared to the solid wings, the membrane wings exhibited higher lift and drag coefficients, likely due to both effective cambering and dynamic interaction with the free shear layer. While trailing-edge scalloping decreased both the lift and drag coefficients relative to no scalloping, the greater effect was on drag, thus, increasing aerodynamic efficiency. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio was attained for a 25% scallop with a repeating cell aspect ratio of one. A unique nondimensional scaling of the membrane vibration peak frequency is also presented.     

Ionospheric heating due to solar flares as measured by SROSS-C2 satellite

The data on thermal fluctuations of the topside ionosphere have been measured by Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) payload aboard the SROSS-C2 satellite over the Indian region for half of the solar cycle (1995–2000). The data on solar flare has been obtained from National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Boulder, Colorado (USA) and other solar indices (solar radio flux and sunspot number) were download from NGDC website. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures show a consistent enhancement during the solar flares. The enhancement in the electron temperature is 28–92% and for ion temperature it is 18–39% compared to the normal day’s average temperature. The enhancement of ionospheric temperatures due to solar flares is correlated with the variation of sunspot and solar radio flux (F10.7cm). All the events studied in the present paper fall in the category of subflare with almost same intensity. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures enhancement have been compared with the IRI model values.     

轴承圈淬火脱碳和变形分析

目的 分析并解决造成机械零件报废的两个重要原因——淬火变形和脱碳。方法 以轴承圈热处理过程中出现的问题为例进行变形和脱碳原因分析。结果 脱碳主要由于煤油的裂解效果差、淬火炉内产生的负压、淬火介质冷却能力的降低及操作者的淬火速度慢这四个因素造成的；变形主要与零件的摆放决定的冷却速度不同有关。结论 采用小贝力克箱式炉淬火加热，冷却用好富顿油，平装装炉，吸热式保护气氛很好地解决了淬火脱碳和变形问题。     

NACA0012翼型低雷诺数绕流的实验研究

通过水槽氧气泡流动显示和PIV测速实验研究了NACA0012翼型在雷诺数为8200时的流动特性,重点炎注了翼型绕流结构随迎角的变化。研究发脱：分离点和分离翦切层形成旋涡的位置随迎角的增大而向上游移动,同时翼型上表面流动分离后形成的回流区尺寸随着翼利迎角的增加而增大。当流动再附于翼型上表面时,在再附点附近能够观测到展向涡的三维演化过程,并能观测到展向涡的局部配对现象。     

基于广义马氏距离的混合型多属性决策的 TOPSIS方法

为了解决混合型多属性决策问题,将不同属性值转换为区间数形式。在基于马氏距离的逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）中,指标问线性强相关导致协方差矩阵为奇异矩阵,不能计算马氏距离。因此,定义了区间数的协方差矩阵,采用奇异值分解方法计算协方差矩阵的广义（M—P）逆矩阵。改进的算法克服了传统TOPSIS存在的指标信息重复、主观赋权不合理、隶属度难以确定,以及可能出现与理想解欧式距离近的方案与负理想解的欧式距离也近的不足。最后,给出了该方法的一个算例,结果表明该决策方法是实用和可行的。     

低雷诺数下层流分离的等离子体控制

为有效控制层流分离特性,消除或减弱低雷诺数时小迎角下的升力非线性现象,改善翼型升力特性,并通过翼型的上表面转捩带与油流显示测量对等离子体激励控制机理进行阐述,对厚度为16%椭圆翼型低雷诺数下的气动特性进行了风洞试验研究。在此基础上,在上表面前缘10%弦长处布置激励器,通过压力分布测量观察等离子体激励对层流分离的影响。试验结果表明：当翼型上表面仅发生层流分离时,等离子体激励和转捩带的作用类似,可以有效延迟或者消除后缘层流分离,从而增加升力;当翼型上表面出现层流分离气泡并发生再附现象时,等离子体可以有效减小或者消除层流分离泡的范围,从而减小升力;通过控制层流分离,占空循环等离子体激励可以实现对低雷诺数小迎角下的升力的线性控制。     

涡轮叶冠换热特性实验与数值模拟

利用数值模拟及实验方法对涡轮叶冠间隙流场换热特性进行了研究,分析静止状态下叶尖泄漏流雷诺数、前后孔岀流比、叶尖间隙等参数对叶冠的表面传热系数的影响.结果表明:叶冠转速的变化对表面传热系数影响较小;随着泄漏流雷诺数的增加,叶冠的平均表面传热系数增大;平均表面传热系数随前、后孔岀流比增大而增大,其中前孔出流比的影响较为明显;叶尖间隙减小,平均表面传热系数增大,并且随叶尖间隙的减小,增长越来越快.将计算与实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好,误差小于10%.      

基于涡格法的近程无人机气动优化与风洞实验验证

针对低雷诺数的近程无人机,利用涡格法（VLM）对无人机气动特性进行了加装翼尖小翼优化设计,并通过风洞实验进行了验证。首先给出了翼尖小翼的几何参数并分析其对全机气动特性的影响,其次利用涡格法对小翼进行气动建模和优选,针对无人机巡航状态给出了小翼优化结果,最后利用风洞实验对优化前后的无人机进行了吹风实验对比验证,实验结果表明,涡格法和风洞实验结果在线性段相符,涡格法能够较准确地描述和预测翼尖小翼特性,加装翼尖小翼后的无人机巡航状态升阻比提高12％,全机滚转阻尼加大,偏航阻尼变化很小。     

某运输机全机构型雷诺数效应阻力修正研究

采用CFD方法分析了雷诺数效应对某运输机全机构型阻力的影响。基于对某运输机的翼/身/架/舱组合体绕流进行的计算分析,归纳总结出了一种适应于复杂构型的低雷诺数到高雷诺数的阻力修正方法。通过验证可知,该修正方法修正效果良好,为工程中的阻力预测提供了一种简洁有效的方法。     

某涡轮级三维流场非定常数值研究

基于耦合Lantry-Menter转捩模型的SST(Shear stress transport)湍流模型,对某涡轮级在3个雷诺数工况下的全三维流场分别进行了定常、非定常数值模拟,目的在于对比分析两种计算方法所得结果之间的差异。计算结果表明,进口雷诺数为4×104时和5×105时,定常与非定常计算的涡轮级效率的差异较大,最大相差0.6个百分点,而当雷诺数为8×104时,两者差异很小;非定常计算能够较好的模拟叶尖泄漏涡的发展过程、低雷诺数下上游尾迹与下游转子叶片吸力面分离边界层干涉诱导卷起涡的形成、输运及其所导致的叶片吸力面表面压力大幅波动等非定常流动现象。最后,给出了转子出口截面上周向与径向的非定常压力脉动的分布,为基于Lighthill声类比方法的计算气动声学研究奠定了基础。