Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料发展状况

Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料作为高温结构材料,在高性能发动机上具有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了制备Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ陶瓷基复合材料增强相－－碳纤维的发展;Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ复合材料的基本制备工艺及性能（包括力学性能、复合材料氧化性能、界面性性质等）;复合材料当前的应用等各方面的发展。最后指出了有待解决的问题和今后努力的方向。     

用CT图像分析C／C复合材料的内部缺陷

总结了不同类型三向增强Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料ＣＴ检测图像及其对应的内部缺陷,结果表明：ＣＴ技术主要缺陷区与正常区存在的密度差异,对Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料内部进行质量检测,但在某些特定条件下,相同种类的缺陷可能表现出不同的ＣＴ图像,不同种类缺陷可能产生类似的ＣＴ图像,缺陷类型的判定必须与其它检测手段相结合才可确定,ＣＴ检测也有可能漏检部分缺陷。     

轴承圈淬火脱碳和变形分析

目的 分析并解决造成机械零件报废的两个重要原因——淬火变形和脱碳。方法 以轴承圈热处理过程中出现的问题为例进行变形和脱碳原因分析。结果 脱碳主要由于煤油的裂解效果差、淬火炉内产生的负压、淬火介质冷却能力的降低及操作者的淬火速度慢这四个因素造成的；变形主要与零件的摆放决定的冷却速度不同有关。结论 采用小贝力克箱式炉淬火加热，冷却用好富顿油，平装装炉，吸热式保护气氛很好地解决了淬火脱碳和变形问题。     

空间碳纤维壳结构导热增强方法试验研究

为提高空间碳纤维复合材料壳结构的导热能力,降低热控设计难度,并提高热控系统可靠性,设计了包含贴覆石墨高导热膜材料以及在外部包覆的多层隔热组件内增加高导热膜等在内的3种导热增强措施,分别按这3种方法制作了试件,并增加了对照组,进行了真空热试验。试验结果表明,贴覆石墨高导热膜材料的方法使碳纤维壳结构试件的当量导热系数增大了7倍,相较其他方法具有明显优势。若该方法与包覆含有高导热膜夹层的多层隔热组件的方法协同使用,可以取得更好的效果。     

碳纤维表面特征对碳/环氧复合材料界面性能影响研究

为了研究碳纤维表面特征与碳/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度的定量关系。采用扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析仪、X射线光电子能谱仪对T800级碳纤维表面形貌、比表面积和表面化学特征进行了测试表征,并使用微珠脱粘法测试了复合材料的界面剪切强度（IFSS）。基于碳纤维比表面积测试结果,引入真实界面面积的概念,重点分析了界面面积和化学特征对IFSS的影响机理和规律。结果表明,不同表面状态的T800级碳纤维比表面积存在明显差异,两种除浆方法处理的碳纤维比表面积相差25.4%。消除界面面积影响的真实界面剪切强度（IFSS’）与碳纤维表面氧碳比呈现出较好的线性相关性,R2达到了0.94。反映出提高碳纤维比表面积和表面氧碳比是改善复合材料界面性能的有效手段。同时,也为定量研究碳纤维表面物理和化学特征对复合材料界面性能的影响提供了一种新的分析思路。     

CFRP电流辅助铆接的连接域热响应建模与验证

钛合金铆钉变形时易不均匀、易开裂,在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）铆接过程中引入脉冲电流作用,软化铆钉并改善其塑性。研究了连接域内的热响应机制与温度场分布,基于能量守恒、焦耳热定律、热传导定律构建了静态焦耳热模型表征稳态换热铆接工况下的CFRP温度,考虑铆接过程电流波动、温度分布不均和热区域分散性建立了动态温度场模型预测铆接过程温升。结果表明：CFRP孔周一定辐射半径范围处温度与钉中心温度线性相关,模型准确模拟出了40 s内的过程温度。静态模型在11%误差以内精准预测了中心饱和温度,动态模型模拟的温升趋势与实测温度值吻合较好。热量传递的滞后性使得动态模型对快速温升时的温度预测存在误差,该误差随电流密度变大而增加,最大达17.15%。接头损伤评估表明过程温度控制在150℃内时可获得质量合格的铆接接头。     

Wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti filler reinforced by carbon nanotubes on C/C composite

The effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) content on the wettability of AgCu-4.5Ti + x CNTs (wt%) composite filler alloys on C/C composite was investigated. The results show that the added CNTs reacted with element Ti in the filler and produced the dispersed fine in situ synthesized TiC particles, which increased the consumption of element Ti and provided the nucleus for the growth of Ti-Cu compounds simultaneously. The above effects of introducing CNTs, inhibited the formation of Ti-Cu compounds, also changed the distribution of compounds, which dramatically influenced the interfacial microstructure and characteristics of wetting behavior. The increase of CNTs content refined and dispersed coarse Ti-Cu compounds, decreased the initial spreading temperature, and improved the wettability, but high content of CNTs (more than 0.3wt%) decreased the wettability of the filler alloy. The wetting interfacial microstructure of corresponding composite filler alloys were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), which consisted of TiC, TiCu, TiCu₂ and TiCu₄ compound. The typical wetting behavior of AgCu-4.5Ti + 0.3wt% CNTs composite filler on C/C composite was divided into four stages. The effect mechanism of CNTs content on the wetting behavior was proposed.     

Laser joining of CFRTP to titanium alloy via laser surface texturing

Grid pattern was textured on Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TC4) substrate surface by nanosecond laser system. Laser joining of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) to TC4 joints were performed, and the effect of texture grid depth was investigated. The contact angle of molten CFRTP on textured TC4 surface was measured and the tensile-shear force was tested. The fracture surface and interface morphology were observed. The results indicated that the wettability of molten CFRTP on TC4 surface improved remarkably after laser textured TC4. Shear force of CFRTP/TC4 joints was increased by 156% after laser textured TC4 surface. When the depth of grid was deeper than 100 μm, contact angle increased and incomplete filling of molten CFRTP in grid occurred, the shear force thus decreased gradually. Resin-carbon fibers mixture was adhered on the fracture surface of TC4, and the variation tendency of adhesion ratio was consistent with that of shear force. TC4 matrix was exfoliated from substrate and adhered at the fracture surface of CFRTP, indicating stronger mechanical interlocking occurred at the joining interface after laser textured TC4 surface. Beside mechanical interlocking, compound layer consisted of CTi_0.42V_1.58 carburization phase was also confirmed at interface, suggesting that chemical bonding also occurred at the joining interface.     

大尺寸CFRP固体火箭发动机壳体湿法缠绕用树脂配方研制

针对大尺寸炭纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）固体火箭发动机壳体的制备要求,研制了一种具 有良好粘度－温度及粘度－时间特性的炭纤维复合材料湿法缠绕成型树脂配方A。采用差示 扫描量热法（DSC）、傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等分析技术对树脂基体的固化反应进行了系 统地研究,并测试了配方的粘度、力学性能及容器爆破强度。结果表明,该树脂配方A的反应 表观活化能为41.71 kJ／moL,室温下粘度低（≤0.5390 Pa·s）,适用期较长 （＞48 h ） ,不仅完全满足大尺寸CFRP固体火箭发动机壳体的湿法缠绕成型工艺要求,而且其树脂基体 及其炭纤维复合材料表现出优良的力学性能。炭纤维复合材料界面粘接良好,缠绕的
Φ150 mm容器的PV／W均大于48 km,纤维强度转化率达到89.0％以上。
     

碳纤维沥青裂解碳涂层研究

研究了沥青裂解法在碳纤维表面涂覆均匀碳涂层的工艺,并探讨了不同溶剂,不同浓度的涂层溶液对纤维表面形貌和纤维强度的影响。