海上舰船目标的宽带雷达散射特征信号仿真

提出一种将目标高频电磁（EM）散射计算多径回波模型与不同海况条件下粗糙海面前向复反射系数模型相结合的方法,对海上舰船目标宽带雷达回波进行仿真和分析。简要分析了目标-海面相互作用的多径回波模型,给出了目标体的电磁散射计算方法,研究了不同海况条件下海面前向复反射系数随频率和擦地角的变化特性,并通过仿真分析了海面对舰船目标雷达回波的影响。对比分析舰船目标体直接散射及在不同海况条件下考虑多径效应时的雷达散射截面（RCS）变化特性,并在不同海况条件下对目标进行二维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像仿真,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

机会数字阵雷达概念与应用技术分析

机会数字阵雷达是以平台隐身性设计为核心,以数字阵列雷达为基础,兼具多功能、多模式的"一体化"新概念雷达系统.本文在对国外有关概念雏形描述理解基础之上,对其定义和涵义进行了深入透析,详细论述了"机会"一词的几层涵义.分析了机会数字阵雷达不同于传统相控阵雷达的技术特性和应用潜力,以及机会数字阵雷达所面临的技术难题,如3-D空间单元"机会性"分布优化选取和波束综合,信号传输与同步以及多自由度的系统资源优化管理等问题,并给出了初步的解决方案和仿真结果.     

超低空导弹引信抗海杂波干扰的信号提取方法

由于超低空导弹工作在海杂波背景下,其引信的信号检测易受干扰。传统的信号处理方法效果不佳,而小波变换有多分辨分析的特性,可以有效滤除杂波带来的噪声,然后根据回波信号频率,辨别真假目标。基于雷达引信实测数据进行仿真,实验结果表明,该方法能够有效滤除大部分噪声信号,从而提高超低空导弹作战能力。     

雷达信号相参脉冲串频率测量方法研究

探讨了相参脉冲中频采样条件,研究了雷达信号相参脉冲串高精度频率估计算法,进行了频率测量半实物仿真实验,针对盲采数据中相位突变的情况进行了算法修正,验证了利用相参性进行频率高精度估计的算法可实现性,为工程实现奠定了一定的技术基础。     

Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.     

雷达/红外成像ASM获取目标方向角方法研究

对于雷达／红外成像反舰导弹,若能获得目标的方向角（aspectangular）就可以计算目标的实际尺寸,许以此进行目标识别。为此,文中研究了一种用航迹跟踪来估计目标方向角的方法。仿真表明该方法对匀速运动目标具有较高的方向角估计精度。     

麦克斯韦分子碰撞下的离子分布函数及其非相干散射谱的计算

采用麦克斯韦分子碰撞模型描述玻耳兹曼方程的碰撞项, 基于双麦克斯韦分布函数得到的输运方程包含了粘滞和热流的影响, 通过求解输运方程得到了离子漂移速度, 平行和垂直磁场的离子温度, 应力张量以及平行和垂直能量的热流矢量的表达式. 进而得到了麦克斯韦分子碰撞模型下离子分布函数的16矩近似. 利用非相干散射理论, 计算得到了非相干散射谱. 相对于简单的驰豫碰撞模型, 麦克斯韦分子碰撞模型能更准确地描述非麦克斯韦分布的电离层E 层的碰撞过程.      

Sum-difference Reduced-dimensional Processing in SAR Image Domain and Statistical Analysis for Ground Moving Target Indication

In this article, a new reduced-dimensional adaptive processing algorithm based on joint pixels sum-difference data for clutter rejection is proposed. The sum-difference data are obtained by orthogonal projection of the joint pixels data of different synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images generated by a multi-satellite radar system. In the sense of statistical expectation, the sum-differ- ence data contain the common and different information of the SAR images. Therefore, the objective of clutter cancellation can be achieved by adaptive processing. Moreover, based on the residual image after clutter rejection, statistical analysis of constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection of moving targets is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm even with heterogeneous clutter and image co-registration error.     

隐身飞行器突防仿真的特征信号新建模方法

针对突防目标不同角域内RCS(Radar Cross Section)差异较大的情况,提出5种不同的突防目标特征信号雷达重点探测区域建模方案.在计算机仿真平台上,根据目标的周向散射特性,按照这5种不同的模型取RCS均值计算雷达对目标的探测概率值.不同建模方案所得探测概率值与精确探测概率值的平均误差分别为: 13.66%,12.35%,6.6%,5.07%和2.4%.平均误差的差异表明:采用5个或8个特征信号重点探测区域的建模方案,所得探测概率值的误差小,能反映出雷达对目标探测概率的动态变化过程.仿真平台中,这两种建模方案无需存储大量目标的RCS值,只需记录5个或8个目标的RCS均值,可节省计算机的存储量,提高计算速度.     

基于两种扫描方式的雷达探鸟系统

介绍了雷达探鸟系统的研究现状,包括以鸟击危害咨询系统为代表的大型雷达探鸟系统和以Accipiter为代表的机场雷达探鸟系统.基于X波段海事雷达搭建了"雷达探鸟实验系统",分别验证了其在水平和垂直两种扫描方式下探鸟的可行性.本系统在两种扫描方式下采集的两组探鸟雷达图像序列,分别由飞鸟目标提取算法进行处理.经过背景差分、噪声抑制、目标信息提取和数据融合,将鸟情信息从原始雷达图像中提取出来,并将其与卫星地图或高度坐标系相融合,融合图像直观地反映了探测区域内飞鸟目标的分布情况.最后,对国内外雷达探鸟系统的性能作了比较分析.