中国大涵道比涡扇发动机适航技术初步研究

对适航技术在中国大涵道比发动机上的应用进行了初步分析和探索,结合发动机研制情况,对适航工作的开展和存在问题进行了初步研究。     

航空发动机维修技术进展与展望

航空发动机是为航空装备提供动力的装置,维修保障是保障发动机完成服役周期的重要阶段。随着航空发动机维修产业的不断发展,为满足未来大批量、高质量、高效率的维修需求,发动机维修技术也在不断提升和发展。本文简要介绍了航空发动机维修发展历史;从故障检查、整机清洗和整机装配三个方面综述了航空发动机整机维修技术的研究进展,从再制造发展、关键技术和技术开发流程三个方面阐述了航空发动机再制造进展;并对航空发动机维修和再制造技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

Key ecological challenges for closed systems facilities

Closed ecological systems are desirable for a number of purposes. In space life support systems, material closure allows precious life-supporting resources to be kept inside and recycled. Closure in small biospheric systems facilitates detailed measurement of global ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles. Closed testbeds facilitate research topics which require isolation from the outside (e.g. genetically modified organisms; radioisotopes) so their ecological interactions and fluxes can be studied separate from interactions with the outside environment. But to achieve and maintain closure entails solving complex ecological challenges. These challenges include being able to handle faster cycling rates and accentuated daily and seasonal fluxes of critical life elements such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, macro- and mico-nutrients. The problems of achieving sustainability in closed systems for life support include how to handle atmospheric dynamics including trace gases, producing a complete human diet, recycling nutrients and maintaining soil fertility, the maintenance of healthy air and water and preventing the loss of critical elements from active circulation. In biospheric facilities, the challenge is also to produce analogues to natural biomes and ecosystems, studying processes of self-organization and adaptation in systems that allow specification or determination of state variables and cycles which may be followed through all interactions from atmosphere to soils. Other challenges include the dynamics and genetics of small populations, the psychological challenges for small isolated human groups and backup technologies and strategic options which may be necessary to ensure long-term operation of closed ecological systems.     

升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统的关键技术挑战

航班化航天运输系统是重复使用航天运输系统的高级形式,具有高可靠、低成本、智能化、规模化、产业化等特点。基于火箭动力发展航班化航天运输系统是切实可行的技术途径之一,升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统具备实现类似飞机航班形式的快速周转发射能力,同时对航天运输技术也提出了新的挑战。结合航班化航天运输系统的发展态势和技术方案,重点分析了升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统面临的技术挑战,提出了后续研究重点与发展建议。     

一体化实时仿真平台技术的发展与展望

对一体化实时仿真平台技术的国内外现状进行了分析,对一体化实时仿真平台技术的几个主要技术难点进行了论述,包括一体化实时仿真平台总体技术、通用仿真建模技术、一体化支撑技术、一体化仿真应用技术等。最后,对一体化实时仿真平台的未来发展进行了展望。     

捷联式重力测量技术研究进展

本文简要论述了动态重力测量的发展动态,接着以国防科技大学近年来在重力测量领域的研究为出发点,对国防科技大学在捷联式重力测量领域的研究现状进行了分析和总结。主要论述了捷联式重力测量的关键技术、研究历程、基本原理和典型试验结果,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

制备工艺对NiAl-30Fe-Y合金组织与性能的影响

研究了铸态、挤压态、热轧态和定向凝固结晶４种不同制备工艺对ＮｉＡｌ－３０Ｆｅ－Ｙ合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,热轧和定向凝固结晶工艺明显改善了合金性能,特别是提高了合金室温塑性。在室温下不同制备工艺其拉伸断口特征明显不同。不同制备工艺仅对微观组织形态产生影响,其合金组织皆是由先共晶Ｂ２结构β和β与（γ＋γ'）共晶相组成,定向凝固合金成长方向为＜２１１＞β‖＜１００＞（γ＋γ'）。     

反舰武器系统精确打击体系及其关键技术

精确打击是未来武器系统发展的必然趋势。首先对精确打击武器的概念、内涵及分类进行了界定;其次结合制导武器系统的特点,以中远程精确打击为背景,给出了一般意义下精确打击系统体系构成及功能划分;最后结合对海打击的具体特点,梳理给出了对海精确打击的关键技术。     

根据协同效应确定制造业信息技术的实施顺序

企业应用的各种信息技术通过信息集成组成企业的信息技术组合系统，各子系统相互配合而产生协同效应，使得系统总体功能可以大于各子系统功能之和，本文提出一种方法，首先根据企业的竞争重点确定待实施的各项信息技术，然后根据数据流表通过对协同效应的估计确定各项信息技术的实施顺序，最后对决策支持系统的实现进行了讨论。     

Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support

NASA’s Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center was decommissioned in 1998, but several crop tests were conducted that have not been reported in the open literature. These include several monoculture studies with wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and tomato. For all of these studies, either 10 or 20 m² of plants were grown in an atmospherically closed chamber (113 m³ vol.) using a hydroponic nutrient film technique along with elevated CO₂ (1000 or 1200 μmol mol⁻¹). Canopy light (PAR) levels ranged from 17 to 85 mol m⁻² d⁻¹ depending on the species and photoperiod. Total biomass (DM) productivities reached 39.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 27.2 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 19.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 15.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean, and 7.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce. Edible biomass (DM) productivities reached 18.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 11.3 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 9.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 7.1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce, and 6.0 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean. The corresponding radiation (light) use efficiencies for total biomass were 0.64 g mol⁻¹ PAR for potato, 0.59 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, 0.51 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.46 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, and 0.43 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. Radiation use efficiencies for edible biomass were 0.44 g mol⁻¹ for potato, 0.42 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, 0.25 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.17 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, and 0.16 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. By initially growing seedlings at a dense spacing and then transplanting them to the final production area could have saved about 12 d in each production cycle, and hence improved edible biomass productivities and radiation use efficiencies by 66% for lettuce (to 11.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.70 g mol⁻¹), 16% for tomato (to 11.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹and 0.29 g mol⁻¹), 13% for soybean (to 6.9 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.19 g mol⁻¹), and 13% for potato (to 20.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.50 g mol⁻¹). Since wheat was grown at higher densities, transplanting seedlings would not have improved yields. Tests with wheat resulted in a relatively low harvest index of 29%, which may have been caused by ethylene or other organic volatile compounds (VOCs) accumulating in the chamber. Assuming a higher harvest index of 40% could be achieved by scrubbing VOCs, productivity of wheat seed could have been improved nearly 40% to 15.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and edible biomass radiation use efficiency to 0.30 g mol⁻¹.