民航机场风险评价模型应用探讨

机场安全是民航安全管理的重点之一,是正确的指导民航风险管理工作的重要内容.在对民航机场进行风险因素辨识及风险分析的基础上,利用层次分析法和模糊数学理论建立了民航机场风险评价模型,并以首都机场为评价对象,对其进行了风险评价.     

Comprehensive comparison of VHR 3D spatial data acquired from IKONOS and TerraSAR-X imagery

With the launch of very high resolution (VHR) optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing satellites such as IKONOS and TerraSAR-X, a new era has begun in 3D spatial data acquirement. IKONOS provided the first VHR data is still being preferred for many remote sensing applications. TerraSAR-X is considered as a revolution in SAR imaging as a result of 1 m resolution imaging capability. The imaging principles of these satellites are quite different and include advantages and disadvantages that have considerable effects on the quality of acquired 3D spatial data.     

Micro-meteoroids and space debris impact risk assessment for the ConeXpress satellite using ESABASE2/Debris

Micro-meteoroid and space debris impact risk assessments are performed to investigate the risk from hypervelocity impacts to sensitive spacecraft sub-systems. For these analyses, ESA’s impact risk assessment tool ESABASE2/Debris is used. This software tool combines micro-particle environment models, damage equations for different shielding designs and satellite geometry models to perform a detailed 3D micro-particle impact risk assessment. This paper concentrates on the impact risk for exposed pressurized tanks. Pressure vessels are especially susceptible to hypervelocity impacts when no protection is available from the satellite itself. Even small particles in the mm size range can lead to a fatal burst or rupture of a tank when impacting with a typical collision velocity of 10–20 km/s. For any space mission it has to be assured that the impact risk is properly considered and kept within acceptable limits. The ConeXpress satellite mission is analysed as example. ConeXpress is a planned service spacecraft, intended to extend the lifetime of telecommunication spacecraft in the geostationary orbit. The unprotected tanks of ConeXpress are identified as having a high failure risk from hypervelocity impacts, mainly caused by micro-meteoroids. Options are studied to enhance the impact protection. It is demonstrated that even a thin additional protective layer spaced several cm from the tank would act as part of a double wall (Whipple) shield and greatly reduce the impact risk. In case of ConeXpress with 12 years mission duration the risk of impact related failure of a tank can be reduced from almost 39% for an unprotected tank facing in flight direction to below 0.1% for a tank protected by a properly designed Whipple shield.     

Damage assessment of large space structures through the variational approach

The present investigation is focused on the solution of a dynamic inverse problem which is concerned with the assessment of damage in large space structures by means of measured vibration data. This inverse problem has been presented as an optimization problem and has been solved through the use of the conjugate gradient method with the adjoint equation, also called the variational approach. When a high number of damaged elements has to be found and these elements are also severely damaged, it is shown that the use of an additional method is necessary in order to provide a better initial guess for the conjugate gradient method. A stochastic method, represented by the genetic algorithm method, has been chosen because it provides robust search in complex spaces and also reduces the chance of converging to local optima. The application of this hybrid approach showed that better results can be achieved, although the computational time for the application analyzed here could increase. The damage estimation has been evaluated using noiseless and noisy synthetic experimental data, and the reported results are concerned with a space truss structure.     

教师任职年度考核管理信息系统的设计与实现

教师任职年度考核是对教师在任职年度内的政治表现、工作表现、科研成果、附加工作等四方面进行考核.本系统共设有数据录入、数据管理、统计处理、数据查询、打印输出、系统维护等六大功能模块和一个考核数据库,具有良好的人机交互界面.     

涡轮盘概率风险的评估方法

针对CCAR33.70条款对涡轮盘开展概率风险评估的要求,研究了响应面法在定义重点采样区间以及计算裂纹扩展寿命中的应用,给出了在蒙特卡洛模拟过程中应用响应面法定义失效域,缩短样本方差、提高抽样效率的方法.分析结果表明应用重点采样法可以极大地提高抽样效率.采用重点采样法获得的失效样本数与总样本数的比例高达94%,远大于传统的直接抽样法获得的失效样本数与总样本数的比例（仅为33%）.该方法可以在保证分析精度的条件下减少样本的数量.另外,应用响应面法拟合寿命近似方程,可以极大地缩减裂纹扩展寿命的计算时间:利用寿命近似方程开展104次随机抽样所花费的时间仅有2min,远低于应用传统寿命计算方法所花费的时间（288 min）.通过对寿命近似方程的寿命计算误差分析可以看出:最大计算误差仅有1.0%,计算结果与传统裂纹扩展寿命模型的计算结果吻合度高.该研究成果可以提高涡轮盘概率风险评估的效率.      

Mission decision-making method of multi-aircraft cooperatively attacking multi-target based on game theoretic framework

Coordinated mission decision-making is one of the core steps to effectively exploit the capabilities of cooperative attack of multiple aircrafts. However, the situational assessment is an essential base to realize the mission decision-making. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a mission decision-making method of multi-aircraft cooperatively attacking multi-target based on situational assessment. We have studied the situational assessment mathematical model based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and the mission decision-making mathematical model based on the game theory. The proposed mission decision-making method of antagonized airfight is validated by some simulation examples of a swarm of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) that carry out the mission of the suppressing of enemy air defenses (SEAD).     

驾驶员诱发振荡飞行培训和评定方法研究

总结了驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)飞行培训和PIO等级评定(PIOR)方法.根据PIO发生的机理,分析了诱发PIO的因素.在某变稳飞机中,设置可能产生PIO的关键系统参数,设计了高增益的飞行培训任务,由3名飞行员完成任务后利用PIOR定量评估飞机的PIO趋势,研究了PIO飞行培训方法和等级评定方法.结果表明,用变稳机进行飞行员PIO飞行培训的方法合理可行,用PIOR可有效评定发生PIO的趋势等级.     

基于业务持续性的航空公司机务维修安全评估

为降低航空公司的事故率,提出基于业务持续性的航空公司机务维修安全评估方法。从人件、硬件、环境、应急救援和软件5个方面来建立风险评估体系,根据风险评估体系建立贝叶斯网络模型,利用能够反映航空公司安全维修状况的历史定量数据作为训练参数。在建立起评估模型的基础上,对航空公司的机务维修进行安全评估和敏感性分析。实验证明,方法能预测风险发展趋势,有效地降低事故发生率,为航空公司的安全运行提供科学依据。     

民机电传飞控系统安全性设计与验证

目前CCAR25部的规章要求主要针对传统机械操纵飞机,随着电传飞控系统(Fly by Wire,以下简称FBW)在现代民机上的广泛应用,在控制指令的数字信号完整性、AC 25.1309等效安全等方面产生了一些新的适航要求,以达到传统设计相同的或等效的安全水平。介绍了民机电传飞控系统安全性评估过程,然后针对电传飞控系统安全性设计特点,总结了适用的适航要求和符合性验证方法。