超短基线定位技术及在海洋工程中的应用

海洋开发和海防工程等领域都离不开水下定位技术的支持,水声作为水下定位技术中不可或缺的重要手段近年来也获得快速发展。介绍了水声定位中几种常见的技术,针对近年来发展火热的超短基线定位技术及其在海洋工程中的应用进行了着重介绍。收集罗列了目前国内外市场上公布的几款主要的超短基线定位产品及其性能参数,为超短基线方面的研究提供了参考依据。通过对比分析了国内外超短基线定位技术研究之间存在的差距,并展望了超短基线定位技术未来的发展方向。     

深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程和展望

结合世界各航天大国和组织所开展的深空探测活动和深空测控系统建设中,对无线电干涉测量技术的开发、应用以及深空导航技术试验验证情况,系统地梳理和总结了深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程,并通过该技术未来在国际上几个主要深空探测任务中的应用规划,分析了无线电干涉测量领域未来的发展方向.该领域技术的最新发展对我国深空测控网无线电干涉测量系统的后续建设也具有重要的借鉴意义.     

Development of theoretical approaches to the control of a water-treatment system

The Advanced Life Support/NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (ALS/NSCORT) focuses on research and development of technologies to support human habitation during space missions. This research was done as part of an effort to maintain crewmembers’ water supply in a closed life-support system. The water subsystem was the primary focus of this study because water is one of the most expensive and important resources for human survival.     

Effects of physical correlations on long-distance GPS positioning and zenith tropospheric delay estimates

The global positioning system (GPS) has become an essential tool for the high precision navigation and positioning. The quality of GPS positioning results mainly depends on the model’s formulations regarding GPS observations, including both a functional model, which describes the mathematical relationships between the GPS measurements and unknown parameters, and a stochastic model, which reflects the physical properties of the measurements. Over the past two decades, the functional models for GPS measurements have been investigated in considerable detail. However, the stochastic models of GPS observation data are simplified, assuming that all the GPS measurements have the same variance and are statistically independent. Such assumptions are unrealistic. Although a few studies of GPS stochastic models were performed, they are restricted to short baselines and short time session lengths. In this paper, the stochastic modeling for GPS long-baseline and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) estimates with a 24-h session is investigated using the residual-based and standard stochastic models. Results show that using the different stochastic modelling methods, the total differences can reach as much as 3–6 mm in the baseline component, especially in the height component, and 10 mm in the ZTD estimation. Any misspecification in the stochastic models will result in unreliable GPS baseline and ZTD estimations. Using the residual-based stochastic model, not only the precision of GPS baseline and ZTD estimation is obviously improved, but also the baseline and ZTD estimations are closer to the reference value.     

基于轨道动力学模型的分布式SAR卫星编队CDGPS相对定位

针对分布式SAR卫星编队星间基线的高精度确定问题, 提出了基于轨道动力学模型的分布式SAR卫星编队CDGPS相对定位方法. 根据CDGPS原理及基于轨道动力学模型的星间相对定位原理,在CDGPS测量的基础上, 引入轨道动力学模型提供的先验约束信息, 对长弧段的观测数据进行解算, 克服了运动学逐点解算方法在观测几何较差或观测数据不足情况下无法应用的缺点. 此方法能够有效抑制测量中的随机误差, 提高相对定位精度, 提供了一种可实现mm量级星间基线确定的技术途径. 通过仿真计算验证了动力学方法的有效性. 计算结果表明, 动力学方法可以显著提高相对定位精度. 相对于运动学方法, 前者L1固定解的精度提高了68%, 而消电离层固定解的精度提高了95%.      

基于CEI定轨中整周模糊度问题处理方法的研究

相位干涉测量是一种被动测角跟踪方法, 其中的中短基线相位干涉测量(CEI)具有测角精度高、基线短、布网灵活、实时性好等特点. 分析采用CEI对GEO卫星定轨时初始整周模糊度解算的可行性, 由于中继卫星的初始轨道精度较低, 对其定轨时必须首先解决模糊度问题. 主控站具有测距功能时, 利用精度较高的距离观测量来计算整周模糊度; 主控站没有测距功能时, 提出了固定模糊度参数的参数估计方法. 仿真计算表明, 系统误差小于1.0 m时该方法效果较好. 给出了该方法对星下点在中国上空一定经度带上的GEO卫星网的整体定轨能力, 当系统误差为0.1 m时, 110°E卫星的迹向精度达到25 m, 对于80°E, 140°E卫星, 迹向精度分别达82 m, 34 m.      

一种宽带信道群时延测量方法

针对VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)系统直接相位差分法的群时延测量精度与分辨率存在矛盾,以及线性最小二乘拟合法不适用于群时延失真链路的问题,采用一种基于非线性拟合的宽带信道群时延测量方法,对出现的问题进行分析与仿真,同时进行了实验验证并获取到实测数据。仿真表明,基于非线性拟合的宽带信道群时延测量方法适用于非线性相位系统,而且群时延的测量精度优于直接相位差分法2个量级。实测数据表明,在270~370 MHz频段内,传统的直接相位差分法和线性拟合测量法已失效,而该方法群时延的测量精度优于0.1ns,由此验证非线性拟合法能够以较高精度进行附加相位和群时延特性测量。     

编队小卫星星间基线估计算法研究

H ill方程假设卫星轨道是小偏心率和无摄动的,实际应用时难以获得高精度的星间基线估计。本文提出了一种基于主星位置展开的扩展Kalm an滤波算法,该算法采用含摄动的卫星运动模型,综合利用星间无线电和红外仪器的原始量测,实现了小卫星星间基线的融合估计,提高了估计精度。仿真实验针对J2摄动模型验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

BDS分集接收机高精度定位技术研究

传统BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,北斗卫星导航系统)分集接收机在定位时,直接使用每个天线的卫星信号,导致定位位置点不明确,定位精度较低。针对该问题,提出了一种高精度的分集定位技术。首先,给出了一种基于通道码相位的天线时延标定算法,以消除不同天线的硬件时延差异;然后,介绍了一种不依赖于外部姿态信息计算北斗坐标系下天线基线向量的方法,并对计算精度进行了理论分析;最后,介绍了一种考虑天线时延和基线向量的分集定位解算算法,通过将定位结果归算至基准天线,明确了定位位置点,从而提高了定位精度。在室外静态环境条件下进行了对比测试验证,结果表明：该定位技术使BDS分集接收机的定位精度得到了明显提高,达到了单天线的定位精度。     

Precise orbit determination and baseline consistency assessment for Swarm constellation

Precise orbit determination (POD) and precise baseline determination (PBD) of Swarm satellites with 4 years of data are investigated. Ambiguity resolution (AR) plays a crucial role in achieving the best orbit accuracy. Swarm POD and PBD based on single difference (SD) AR and traditional double difference (DD) AR methods are explored separately. Swarm antenna phase center variation (PCV) corrections are developed to further improve the orbit determination accuracy. The code multipath of C1C, C1W and C2W observations is first evaluated and clear variations in code noise related to different receiver settings are observed. Carrier phase residuals of different time periods and different loop tracking settings of receiver are studied to explore the effect of ionospheric scintillation on POD. The reduction of residuals in the polar and geomagnetic equator regions confirms the positive impact of the updated carrier tracking loops (TLs) on POD performance. The SD AR orbits and orbits with float ambiguity (FA) are compared with the Swarm precise science orbits (PSOs). An average improvement of 27 %, 4 % and 16 % is gained in along-track, cross-track and radial directions by fixing the ambiguity to integer. For Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C formations, specific days are selected to perform the DD AR-based POD during which the average distance of the formation satellites is less than 5000 km. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are employed to validate the performance of FA, SD AR and DD AR orbits. The consistency between the SD AR orbits and SLR data is at a level of 10 mm which shows an improvement of 25 % when comparing with the FA results. An SLR residuals reduction of 15 % is also achieved by the DD AR solution for the selected days. Precise relative navigation is also an essential aspect for spacecraft formation flying missions. The closure error method is proposed to evaluate the baseline precision in three dimensions. A baseline precision of 1–3 mm for Swarm-A/C formation and 3–5 mm for Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C satellite pairs is verified by both the consistency check and closure error method.