DSP课程实践教学研究

实践教学是DSP教学的重要组成部分。以实例项目导入方式,设计了DSP实践教学内容,给出了相应的系统组成、硬件原理图以及系统的特点。同时从实验室开放和结合科研两个方面,探讨了实践教学方法。对于深化DSP课程实践教学改革有着很好的指导意义。     

Remote sounding of atmospheric gravity waves with satellite limb and nadir techniques

Recent advances in satellite techniques hold great potential for mapping global gravity wave (GW) processes at various altitudes. Poor understanding of small-scale GWs has been a major limitation to numerical climate and weather models for making reliable forecasts. Observations of short-scale features have important implication for validating and improving future high-resolution numerical models. This paper summarizes recent GW observations and sensitivities from several satellite instruments, including MLS, AMSU-A, AIRS, GPS, and CLAES. It is shown in an example that mountain waves with horizontal wavelengths as short as 30 km now can be observed by AIRS, reflecting the superior horizontal resolution in these modern satellite instruments. Our studies show that MLS, AMSU-A and AIRS observations reveal similar GW characteristics, with the observed variances correlated well with background winds. As a complementary technique, limb sounding instruments like CRISTA, CLAES, and GPS can detect GWs with better vertical but poorer horizontal resolutions. To resolve different parts of the broad GW spectrum, both satellite limb and nadir observing techniques are needed, and a better understanding of GW complexities requires joint analyses of these data and dedicated high-resolution model simulations.     

基于卡尔曼滤波器残差的矢量跟踪完好性研究

针对接收机跟踪卫星导航信号时可能发生的各类故障,利用卡尔曼滤波器的残差观测量进行滤波,通常可以在不借助冗余观测量的情况下快速检测和隔离故障。建立软件接收机平台,利用卡尔曼滤波器进行导航信号的矢量跟踪,在跟踪环中模拟故障的发生并依靠残差序列滤波的方法检测并排除错误观测量。实验表明,在算法模拟的短时较大幅度干扰下,完好性监测方法可以快速检测并排除错误观测量对环路跟踪的影响,且无需冗余观测量。     

定频积分控制有源电力滤波器的研究

研究了定频积分控制有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理，并详细分析了它的谐波抑制和无功功率补偿原理。     

基于卡尔曼滤波和主元分析的发动机性能衰退

在给定测量参数基础上,通过非线性估计得到对应离散时刻的部件性能参数,利用数据插值方法扩充测量参数。利用主元分析方法对这些测量参数进行分解,提取反映性能衰退的成分,以此构造反映性能变化的统计量,假定该统计量服从,分布,对性能衰退情况做进一步分析,得到在10000时间点附近性能衰退最为严重,已超过阀值,与前面参数估计结果相符。用部件性能衰退分析方法对发动机性能状况监控,为及时采取维护措施提供了一定的指导作用。     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

改进高斯混合粒子滤波的纯方位目标跟踪算法

针对纯方位跟踪系统非线性较强、传统跟踪滤波方法收敛速度慢且容易发散的问题,提出了一种基于改进高斯混合粒子滤波的纯方位跟踪算法。该算法基于Sigma点卡尔曼滤波(SPKF)和粒子滤波的特点,用有限的高斯混合模型来近似后验状态密度、系统噪声和观测噪声的分布。利用贪心EM算法实现模型的降阶,一定程度上克服了EM算法假定混合成分数为已知、迭代的结果需要依赖初始值、可能收敛到局部最大点和可能收敛到参数空间的边界的缺点,从而改善粒子枯竭的问题。仿真实验结果表明在纯方位跟踪领域,与传统粒子滤波(PF)和基于EM的高斯混合粒子滤波相比,该算法在保持高精度估计能力的同时,具有较强的鲁棒性,是解决非线性系统状态估计问题的一种有效方法。     

高超声速飞行器指令滤波反演控制

针对含有不确定扰动项的吸气式高超声速飞行器纵向非线性模型,提出了一种基于指令滤波器的反演控制方法。将飞行器动力学模型划分为航迹角子系统和速度子系统并表示为严格反馈形式,采用动态逆方法设计反演控制中每步的虚拟控制量,并对指令滤波过程中产生的误差进行补偿。利用指令滤波器获取虚拟控制量的一阶导数,解决了反演控制方法中的“微分项膨胀”问题,同时引入虚拟控制量和实际控制量的幅值、速率和带宽约束。采用扩展状态观测器(ESO)对模型中的不确定项进行估计和补偿,保证闭环系统在存在参数不确定和外部扰动的情况下仍具有良好的控制性能。仿真结果表明,在飞行器总体参数和气动参数存在偏差的情况下,该方案能够实现对速度和航迹角参考信号的稳定跟踪。