Transient Effects and Disturbed Conditions

In the present phase of the solar cycle no big transients leading to strong modulation had been observed after 1991. Apart from a few minor disturbances cosmic rays were still recovering to a new intensity maximum. It was suggested, therefore, that existing literature from previous cycles should be critically reviewed. The scene was set by the introductory papers on— phenomenology of cosmic ray modulation in successive solar cycles throughout the heliosphere— the present state of models for long term modulation and their shortcomings— the relation between cosmic ray variations and the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (the CR-B-relation)— charge dependent effects.In the discussions, the study of propagating diffusive disturbances and the CR-B-relation played a central role. The difference was stressed between isolated transient disturbances in the inner solar system (Forbush decreases), and the long lasting, step-like decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. The recovery rates following the step-like decreases vary with the phase in the 22-year solar cycle. In some cases this requires a modification of existing drift models. In the outer heliosphere, the CR-B-relation leads to the result 1/ between the diffusion coefficient and the field magnitude . This simple result is a challenge for theoreticians to derive the perpendicular diffusion coefficient fromfirst principles. The three articles in this report essentially follow the list of open points and arguments just presented.The article "Observations and Simple Models" is organised around the model of a propagating diffusive barrier, its application to Forbush effects in the inner heliosphere and to decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. Acomparison of observed Forbush decreases with model predictions requires a careful separation of the two steps related to the turbulent region behind the shock front and the closed magnetic field regions of the ejecta (the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections). It is shown that models for propagating disturbances can be used to derive values of the diffusion coefficients phenomenologically, not only during the disturbance, but also in the ambient medium.The "Modeling of Merged Interaction Regions" summarizes the dynamic and time-dependent process of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Numerical models with only a time-dependent neutral sheet prove to be successful when moderate to low solar activity occurs but fail to describe large and discrete steps in modulated cosmic rays when solar activity is high. To explain this feature of heliospheric modulation, the concept of global merged interaction regions is required. The com-bination of gradient, curvature and neutral sheet drifts with these global merged interaction regions has so far been the most successful approach in explaining the 11-year and 22-year cycles in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays.The "Remarks on the Diffusion Tensor in the Heliosphere" describe available theories of perpen-dicular diffusion and drift, and discuss their relevance to cosmic rays in the heliosphere. In addition, the information about diffusion coefficients and spatial gradients obtained from the analysis of steady state anisotropies at neutron monitor energies is summarized. These topics are intimately related to the other two articles. They are also part of the general discussion about the "Diffusion Tensor throughout the Heliosphere" which played an important role in all working groups.     

非对称转子系统主动平衡型抑振控制

基于柔性转子动平衡的思想，对非对称支承—柔性转子系统设计了一种最优极点配置型主动平衡控制器，以主动控制一般转子系统的不平衡响应。对航空发动机模型转子单点轴承座施力控制结果表明，该方法实现方便，抑振效果显著。     

火箭垂直起飞段漂移变化的建模与分析

垂直起飞段是火箭靶场试验过程中最容易发生故障的时段之一,并且起飞段发生故障带来的后果往往是灾难性的。因此,分析运载火箭起飞段的运行情况,测量箭体起飞漂移和分析漂移量变化规律,对于航天工程具有极为重要的意义。在系统分析某一型号火箭起飞段漂移情况的基础上,建立了火箭垂直起飞段漂移模型．查明了箭体漂移量服从自回归模型AR(5),并采用D—W典型检验方法,对数学模型实际情况的吻合性进行了检验。大量实测数据计算结果证实,该箭体漂移的运动学模型是可靠的,很好地刻画了火箭在垂直起飞段漂移量的变化规律。     

用DVM检定便携式直流电位差计示值误差

介绍了用数字电压表检定便携式直流电位差计示值误差的方法 。     

修正幅相漂移对天线近场测试的影响

文章描述了平面近场测试系统幅相漂移对测试结果的影响,提出了两种修正天线近场测试系统幅相漂移的方法,并对其优劣性做了比较,给出了用方法二修正的实验结果,分析了修正方法的适用范围。     

修正万工显光栅数显的示值误差

在万工显的光栅数显和微机测量系统上运用回归分析法,分析建立光栅数显示值误差的数学模型,并编程补偿测量结果,方法简便易行,有效地保证了测量系统的准确度。     

惯导平台漂移补偿的模型跟踪控制方法

惯导平台的漂移是影响惯性导航精度的主要原因。本文提出一种在线式不建模方案对平台的漂移进行补偿，首先用参考模型分离误差信号，再用模型跟踪控制方法将引起漂移的干扰力矩补偿掉，实现漂移的完全补偿。     

Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on-board Chandrayaan-2 rover

Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) payload configuration for Chandrayaan-2 rover has been completed recently and fabrication of mechanical assembly, PCB layout design and fabrication are in progress. Here we present the design and performance evaluation of various subsystems developed for APXS payload. The low energy threshold of <1 keV and the energy resolution of ∼150 eV at 5.9 keV, for the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), as measured from the developed APXS electronics is comparable to the standard spectrometers available off-the-shelf. We have also carried out experiments for measuring fluorescent X-ray spectrum from various standard samples from the USGS catalog irradiated by the laboratory X-ray source ²⁴¹Am with 1 mCi activity. It is shown that intensities of various characteristic X-ray lines are well correlated with the respective elemental concentrations.     

A320飞机轮胎压力指示系统一条假故障信息的触发分析

本文以A320飞机轮胎压力指示系统TPIS一条假故障信息的经常性触发为切入点,着重于故障集中显示系统CFDS关于1型系统故障／警告信息的触发原理分析,揭示发动机地面试车有效航班号输入的必要性和这条假故障信息的触发原因。     

距离变化率测量慢漂误差的估计

ＭＩＳＴＲＡＭ系统是一种常用的航天飞行器轨道跟踪测量设备，但在距离变化率跟踪测量中存在慢漂误差，该误差严重影响测量数据精度。本文利用样条函数，建立了估计慢漂误差和轨道参数的非线性模型；通过建模，选模准则的深入研究，给出了表示轨道参数和表示慢漂误差的样条函数的节点选取原则；最后，利用所得的最优模型，给出了慢漂误差的估计及估计精度，本文方法应用于运载火箭的跟踪数据处理，得到了工程分析非常吻合的结果。