利用雷诺方程数值模拟波形壁湍流扰动场

为了研究波形壁湍流及由波形壁引起的扰动场,本文将N-S方程的联立解法应用于湍流。扰动场是从时间平均的湍流场中直接分解出来的。由此计算的类Stokes层仅局限于壁面附近的薄层内,它的特征可以通过对扰动场的分析加以解释。     

Enhancement of solar wind low-energy energetic particles as precursor of geomagnetic disturbance in operational geomagnetic forecast

A study of the relationship between solar wind low-energy energetic particles using data from the Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (EPAM) onboard the Advanced Compositional Explorer spacecraft (ACE) and geomagnetic activity using data from Canadian magnetic observatories in Canada’s polar cap, auroral zone, and subauroral zone was carried out for a period spanning 1997–2005. Full halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were used to gauge the initial particle enhancements and the subsequent geomagnetic activity. It was found that maximum geomagnetic activity is related to maximum particle enhancements in a non-linear fashion. Quadratic fit of the data results in expressions that can be easily used in an operational space weather setting to forecast geomagnetic disturbance quantitatively. A superposed epoch analysis shows increase in particle flux level starts hours before geomagnetic activity attains its peak, affirming the precursory nature of EPAM particles for the impending geomagnetic impact of CME. This can supplement the decision process in formulating geomagnetic warning after the launch of CME from the Sun but before the arrival of shock at Earth. The empirical relationships between solar wind low-energy energetic particles and geomagnetic activity revealed in this statistical study can be easily codified, and thus utilized in operational space weather forecast to appraise the geoeffectiveness of the CME and to provide a quantitative forecast for maximum geomagnetic activity in Canada’s polar cap, auroral zone, and subauroral zone after the occurrence of a CME.     

Three-axis attitude determination using incomplete vector observations

Attitude determination refers to determining the orientation of a vehicle relative to its reference coordinate system. This paper presents a new algorithm for three-axis attitude determination using measurement vectors composed of incomplete vector components. The attitude determination performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of the TRIAD and QUEST algorithms in a simulation.     

航天器姿态控制的一种自适应方法

针对航天器转动惯量参数未知恒定或缓慢时变,以及外部扰动力矩未知恒定或缓慢时变,基于非线性系统的无源性理论,给出了姿态控制的一种自适应方法.事先不需要不确定性的任何信息,控制过程中可根据自适应律给出其估值.理论分析和数值仿真都表明,该方法在保证参数估计误差有界的同时实现航天器对姿态角指令的快速无静差跟踪.     

挠性航天器姿态跟踪非线性PID控制技术研究

研究了挠性航天器姿态跟踪的非线性PID控制技术.基于误差四元数的动力学和运动学方程,运用Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了新型的航天器非线性PID控制器.控制器不仅具有非线性特点,而且比例参数具有时变的特性,能够根据误差的大小自行进行调整,因此比常规PID控制器具有更好的控制效果.另外,控制器可调参数少,计算简单,工程上易于实现,数学仿真证明了控制方法的有效性.     

重力梯度小卫星重力场捕获的Lyapunov法

探讨了重力梯度小卫星采用主动磁控技术进行重力场捕获的Ｌｙａ－ｐｕｎｏｖ能量耗散法;给出了分区控制的条件及逻辑;阐述了磁控力矩的产生方法。仿真结果表明,该方法简单、有效,控制精度达到磁控小卫星的较高水平。     

Properties of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) inferred from CHAMP accelerometer observations

Densities derived from accelerometer measurements on the CHAMP satellite near 400 km are used to statistically establish characteristics of large-scale (>1000 km) traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs). Only TADs that at least propagate from the auroral zone to the equator are analyzed here, and a total of 21 identifiable events are found over the years 2001–2007. The average speed of all TADs, regardless of local time, is 646 ± 122 ms⁻¹. The average speeds on the dayside and nightside are 595 ± 127 ms⁻¹ and 685 ± 106 ms⁻¹, respectively, i.e., the speed appears to be 10% higher on average on the nightside. On six occasions TADs were only detected on the night side; however, TADs on the dayside often appear more distinctly in the data. Moreover, contrary to some theoretical expectations, dayside TADs do not dissipate more readily than night side TADs, although much less are detected between 8–20 solar local time. No clear dependence of TAD amplitude or phase speed with respect to Kp, or rate of increase of Kp, is found.     

单框架控制力矩陀螺复合操纵律设计

为改善单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)动态操纵律的奇异回避和逃逸性能,文章设计了一种基于前馈和反馈的复合操纵律.当SGCMG系统远离奇异时,不引入前馈,仅采用基于反馈的动态操纵律;当SGCMG系统接近或陷入奇异时,在动态操纵律的基础上,引入前馈信息,辅助SGCMG系统回避或逃逸奇异.复合操纵律不但可以保留动态操纵律的优点,不需计算Jacobi矩阵的伪逆,计算简单,易于实现,而且可以逃逸椭圆型内部奇点.对某SGCMG系统的仿真结果表明,复合操纵律是可行的.     

Wave disturbance influence on HF-propagation characteristics

This work studies the variations of HF characteristics and ionospheric parameters recorded over mid-latitude paths in the Russian East-Siberian region during magnetic storms on May 15, 1997, and September 24, 2006. The sharp wave-like changes in maximum observed frequencies (MOF) were recorded during the main phase of the investigated storms. Assuming that observed MOF variations can be produced by ionospheric disturbances propagating from the northern to the southern latitudes, a simulation of HF propagation conditions was carried out.     

基于变增益扩张状态观测器的永磁同步电机转速环自抗扰控制器设计

线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)在观测初始阶段,系统状态量实际值与估计值误差较大。由于LESO高增益的影响,导致LESO在初始时刻的扰动估计输出出现很大的峰值,而且观测器增益越大,峰值现象越严重。针对上述问题,设计了一种变增益扩张状态观测器(TESO),其增益是一个时变函数,在初始时刻为较小的函数值,随着时间逐渐增大,直至趋于一个较大常数。利用李雅普诺夫变换和微分代数谱理论给出了参数整定公式。将线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)中的扩张状态观测器替换为TESO,并将其应用于永磁同步电机转速控制中,计算机仿真和系统试验验证了该控制器设计的有效性。