小卫星动平衡研究--质心不对中对姿态的影响

首先定性分析质心不对中对星体动力学特性的影响，然后由拉格朗日第二类方程导出引力场下星体运动方程的矩阵表达式，最后以50kg级长方体3轴稳定小卫星为例，分析不同初角速度和不同时间历程情况下质心不对中对星体运动姿态的影响，并分析其对星体运动稳定性的影响．本文研究为同类品种小卫星的构型设计、姿态控制系统设计以及制定卫星动平衡精度提供依据。     

柔性航天器姿态机动的时间次优反馈控制

研究了由一个中心刚体带若干柔性附件的航天器姿态反馈控制问题。利用相平面分析的方法给出了一种近似时间最优的反馈开关控制逻辑。仿真结果表明，些控制逻辑能够实现静止一静止的姿态机动，并且对附件振动有抑制作用。     

Tetrahedral satellite formation: Geomagnetic measurements exchange and interpolation

This note presents a study of a four-satellite tetrahedral formation to collect, process, and exchange multipoint measurements of geomagnetic field in a near-polar orbit. The study is conducted as a series of numerical experiments based on simulated spacecraft orbits and corresponding geomagnetic field models output. The four satellites are assumed to move in near-circular orbits specifically chosen to maintain the tetrahedron quality. The satellites exchange their simulated magnetometers readings and the collected multipoint measurements are processed on board of any of them thus creating an instantaneous interpolated map of the geomagnetic field in the interior of the tetrahedron. Interpolation is carried out with the use of Kriging algorithms, known in geostatistics for capturing spatial correlation of the data and taking into account statistical properties of the interpolated variables. We propose a concept of a servicing formation, and analyze interpolation accuracy for different formation sizes. It is then discussed how the processed multipoint measurements can be provided as a service to other nearby satellites. Finally, we show that using the existing COTS magnetometers it is possible to obtain real-time interpolation data, which are more precise at a given point and time than a conventional onboard magnetic field model, thus ensuring better attitude determination routines performance in the serviced spacecraft.     

Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy attitude takeover control of spacecraft

The problem of attitude takeover control of spacecraft by using cellular satellites with limited communication, actuator faults and input saturation is investigated. In order to lighten the communication burden of cellular satellites, an event-triggered control strategy is adopted. The filtered attitude information needs to be transmitted only when the defined measurement error reaches the event-triggered threshold in this strategy. Then, to deal with the unknown inertia matrix, actuator faults, external disturbances and the errors caused by event-triggered scheme, fuzzy logic systems is introduced to estimate the uncertainties directly. Combining fuzzy logic control strategy and the event-triggered method, the first event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control law is developed. Then, torque saturation of cellular satellites is further considered in the second control law, where the upper bound of the uncertainties is estimated by fuzzy logic systems. The resulting closed-loop systems under the two control laws are guaranteed to be bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of two proposed control laws is verified by the numerical simulations.     

Some features of disturbed rotational motion of a satellite with a strong onboard magnet

A disturbed rotational orbital motion of an asymmetrical satellite with a strong magnet in the geomagnetic field is considered. It is shown that operating disturbances result in appearing of non-resonant phenomena in the satellite rotation caused by resonance effects.     

Analysis and experiments for delay compensation in attitude control of flexible spacecraft

Space vehicles are often characterized by highly flexible appendages, with low natural frequencies which can generate coupling phenomena during orbital maneuvering. The stability and delay margins of the controlled system are deeply affected by the presence of bodies with different elastic properties, assembled to form a complex multibody system. As a consequence, unstable behavior can arise. In this paper the problem is first faced from a numerical point of view, developing accurate multibody mathematical models, as well as relevant navigation and control algorithms. One of the main causes of instability is identified with the unavoidable presence of time delays in the GNC loop. A strategy to compensate for these delays is elaborated and tested using the simulation tool, and finally validated by means of a free floating platform, replicating the flexible spacecraft attitude dynamics (single axis rotation). The platform is equipped with thrusters commanded according to the on–off modulation of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control law. The LQR is based on the estimate of the full state vector, i.e. including both rigid – attitude – and elastic variables, that is possible thanks to the on line measurement of the flexible displacements, realized by processing the images acquired by a dedicated camera. The accurate mathematical model of the system and the rigid and elastic measurements enable a prediction of the state, so that the control is evaluated taking the predicted state relevant to a delayed time into account. Both the simulations and the experimental campaign demonstrate that by compensating in this way the time delay, the instability is eliminated, and the maneuver is performed accurately.     

无陀螺下基于修正罗德里格参数的星体姿态确定

介绍了修正罗德里格参数(MRP),分析比较了姿态表示参数修正罗德里格参数和四元数的算法特点。通过仿真计算,比较了当卫星受一阶马尔柯夫干扰力矩作用和CCD星敏感器为唯一星载角运动传感器时,分别用修正罗德里格参数和四元数作为姿态表示参数,采用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)估计卫星航向、姿态及相应角速率的滤波效果。结果表明,用修正罗德里格参数法的姿态解算精度比用四元数法的姿态解算精度高,且计算效率明显优于四元数算法,计算量仅相当于四元数算法的一半,这是由于四元数的规范化条件(即模值为1),在姿态确定中会导致误差协方差阵奇异,而修正罗德里格参数虽然不是全局非奇异的,但是可以通过切换方法解决奇异性问题。     

失速起始检测的平均数值差分方法

为在压气机整机进入深度失速前检测到失速起始信号,提出了一种基于平均数值差分的短周期扰动检测方法。应用该方法对某轴流式压气机压力测量数据进行了分析。结果表明,平均数值差分方法可准确地在该压气机深度失速前0.02～0.05s检测到失速起始信号,具有一定的工程应用价值。      

一类冗余星载惯性姿态参考系统的可靠性分析

随着航天事业的发展 ,对航天器的长寿命提出越来越高的要求 ,需要简便可行的冗余方案以备工程所需。文中提出一种对于混合冗余系统的可靠性研究的计算方法。并将这种方法应用到星载惯性姿态参考基准上 ,提出了一种有别于常规冗余方案 (工作冗余加N中取K系统和N中取K加冷储备系统 )的新方案 ,为工程实现作了理论上准备     

微小卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真设计及验证

针对利用反作用飞轮作为执行机构的微小卫星姿态控制系统,详细讨论了基于dSPACE实时仿真机、单轴气浮转台、星载计算机及陀螺和反作用飞轮实物的卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真的方案设计;并利用该系统对仅用反作用飞轮的卫星姿态大角度机动控制模式进行了半物理仿真验证。仿真结果表明根据陀螺和反作用飞轮现有精度,设计的大角度姿态机动控制算法能够满足分系统技术要求,同时验证了半物理仿真系统方案设计合理、可靠。