InfraRed Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry (IRASSI): Overview and study results

The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist yet. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron or OST will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO) and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. These demands call for interferometric concepts. We present here first results of our feasibility study IRASSI (Infrared Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry) for an FIR space interferometer. Extending on the principal concept of the previous study ESPRIT, it features heterodyne interferometry within a swarm of five satellite elements. The satellites can drift in and out within a range of several hundred meters, thereby achieving spatial resolutions of <0.1 arcsec over the whole wavelength range of 1–6 THz. Precise knowledge on the baselines will be ensured by metrology methods employing laser-based optical frequency combs, for which preliminary ground-based tests have been designed by members of our study team. We first give a motivation on how the science requirements translate into operational and design parameters for IRASSI. Our consortium has put much emphasis on the navigational aspects of such a free-flying swarm of satellites operating in relatively close vicinity. We hence present work on the formation geometry, the relative dynamics of the swarm, and aspects of our investigation towards attitude estimation. Furthermore, we discuss issues regarding the real-time capability of the autonomous relative positioning system, which is an important aspect for IRASSI where, due to the large raw data rates expected, the interferometric correlation has to be done onboard, in quasi-real-time. We also address questions regarding the spacecraft architecture and how a first thermomechanical model is used to study the effect of thermal perturbations on the spacecraft. This will have implications for the necessary internal calibration of the local tie between the laser metrology and the phase centres of the science signals and will ultimately affect the accuracy of the baseline estimations.     

运用态度资源解读经典小说《外婆的日用家当》

本文以评价理论的核心子系统——态度系统为研究视角,对《外婆的日用家当》展开分析,由此来窥探作品中美国黑人女性所面临的黑人文化与白人文化的冲击以及她们在情感、鉴赏和判断中的挣扎和取舍,以求为该小说提供新的解读视角。     

利用GPS进行姿态估计的一种算法

首先建立了全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）姿态确定的观测方程;然后给出了利用ＧＰＳ进行飞行器姿态估计的模型,并对该模型进行了线性处理;最后利用攻推广卡尔曼滤波技术,针对某飞行器进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于不同的测量噪声和系统噪声,滤波器都有较好的估计,姿态估计的精度明显高于单纯ＧＰＳ姿态确定的精度,可以满足大多数飞行器对姿态确定的要求,证实了模型和算法可用性。     

返回式卫星数字姿态控制系统及飞行试验结果

简要介绍我国返回式卫星上用的计算机数字姿态控制系统的方案;重点阐述姿态确定和相平面控制律的设计方法;最后简述飞行试验的结果。     

“风云一号” B 卫星姿态控制系统

“风云一号”气象卫星姿态控制系统采用了三轴稳定对地定向的主动控制方案。已发射了两颗（Ａ、Ｂ）卫星,其中Ｂ星是在Ａ星主控系统的基础上,增加了一个完整的备份系统,采取一系列冗余措施并设计全方位姿态重新捕获的故障对策。经飞行试验及在轨故障应急处理证明,系统设计是完善和成功的,其中反作用飞轮控制、偏置动量控制、磁章动进动和飞轮卸载控制、全方位姿态重新捕获方案在中国是首次采用,均取得了较好的飞行效果,为长寿命卫星姿态控制系统的设计积累了宝贵经验。     

强磁场扰动对宇宙线调制的统计研究

对1978─1982太阳活动高年时发生的激波、强磁场扰动及激波与强磁场扰动共存这三类事件引起的宇宙线变化进行了统计研究,得到如下结果:(1)激波与强磁场扰动共存时引起的宇宙线强度下降最为显着;只有激波或强磁场扰动时,宇宙线的强度变化相对较小;(2)标志速度间断的激波是产生宇宙线Forbush下降的重要因素;(3)速度间断在强磁场扰动对宇宙线的调制中可能起一个触发的作用。      

基于LADRC的无人机高精度定高控制

针对复杂气流扰动对无人机（UAV）航迹高度控制的影响,对存在复杂气流扰动下的定高控制策略、控制结构和控制器参数优化展开研究,实现高精度高度控制。基于线性自抗扰控制（LADRC）确定总体控制架构,设计扩张状态观测器（ESO）观测估计纵向高度通道和速度通道中存在的总扰动,在控制中引入扰动补偿,减小扰动对系统输出造成的影响。对UAV在飞行过程中存在的大气紊流扰动或离散突风等风干扰分析其功率谱密度,构造考虑风扰动对高度影响、时域响应特性和稳定裕度的综合目标函数,通过粒子群优化算法得到具有高精度、高抗干扰性能的控制器参数,优化中考虑风干扰的功率谱密度分布,减小了控制器参数设计的保守性。通过与常规比例-积分-微分（PID）控制器控制效果进行对比,说明基于线性自抗扰控制器的纵向高度控制的优异性能。      

扩展近似时间最优伺服控制及其试验验证

针对带有惯性阻尼环节的典型伺服系统,提出一种能实现大范围快速定点运动的控制方案。控制方案首先利用时间最优控制律进行快速目标追踪,当系统速度下降到一定范围内时平滑切换成线性控制律。采用线性控制区内的闭环极点阻尼系统和自然频率作为设计参数,给出了全参数化的控制律。基于Lyapunov理论分析了控制系统的闭环稳定性。将该控制方案用于一个直流伺服电机的位置-速度环的定点位置控制,并进行了MATLAB数字仿真和基于TMS320F28335 DSC的试验研究。结果表明:所设计的控制系统可以对大范围的给定目标进行快速和准确的跟踪,且对扰动和系统参数差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Midlatitude ionospheric F2-layer response to eruptive solar events-caused geomagnetic disturbances over Hungary during the maximum of the solar cycle 24: A case study

In our study we analyze and compare the response and behavior of the ionospheric F2 and of the sporadic E-layer during three strong (i.e., Dst?<??100nT) individual geomagnetic storms from years 2012, 2013 and 2015, winter time period. The data was provided by the state-of the art digital ionosonde of the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory located at midlatitude, Nagycenk, Hungary (IAGA code: NCK, geomagnetic latitude: 46.17° geomagnetic longitude: 98.85°). The local time of the sudden commencement (SC) was used to characterize the type of the ionospheric storm (after Mendillo and Narvaez, 2010). This way two regular positive phase (RPP) ionospheric storms and one no-positive phase (NPP) storm have been analyzed. In all three cases a significant increase in electron density of the foF2 layer can be observed at dawn/early morning (around 6:00 UT, 07:00 LT). Also we can observe the fade-out of the ionospheric layers at night during the geomagnetically disturbed time periods. Our results suggest that the fade-out effect is not connected to the occurrence of the sporadic E-layers.     

抗扰动复合非线性伺服控制器的设计与应用

针对典型的电机伺服系统,提出了一种鲁棒复合非线性伺服控制器的离散域设计方案。把系统的扰动和不确定性归结为一个斜坡信号(其变化率恒定),设计一个降维线性扩展状态观测器,对系统未测量状态和未知扰动加以估计。把设计的控制律应用于永磁同步伺服电机,先在MATLAB上进行仿真分析,随后基于TMS320F28335DSC进行试验测试。结果表明系统在各种类型扰动作用下,对目标位置都能实现快速、平稳和准确的跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒性。