(70~100)MeV准单能中子参考辐射场设计

国内基于串列加速器建立了144keV~15MeV的单能中子参考辐射场，解决了20MeV以下能区中子探测器注量、剂量等参数的量值溯源，但尚未建立20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场。随着航天空间中子探测任务的需要以及地面高能质子加速器的发展，20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场需求越来越突出。发展20MeV以上能区高能中子参考辐射场对于满足国防需求、推动中子计量学科发展具有重要意义。     

Analysis of reaction torque-based control of a redundant free-floating space robot

Owing to the dynamics coupling between a free-floating base and a manipulator,the non-stationary base of a space robot will face the issue of base disturbance due to a manipulator's motion.The reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid is an important index to measure the satellite base's disturbance.In this paper,a comprehensive analysis of the reaction torque is made,and a novel way to derive the analytical form of the reaction torque is proposed.In addition,the reaction torque null-space is derived,in which the manipulator's joint motion is dynamically decoupled from the motion of the satellite base,and its novel expression demonstrates the equivalence between the reaction torque null-space and the reaction null-space.Furthermore,the reaction torque acted as an optimization index can be utilized to achieve satellite base disturbance minimization in the generalized Jacobian-based end-effector Cartesian path tracking task.Besides,supposing that the redundant degrees of freedom are abundant to achieve reaction torque-based active control,the reaction torque can be used to realize satellite base attitude control,that is,base attitude adjustment or maintenance.Moreover,because reaction torque-based control is a second-order control scheme,joint torque minimization can be regarded as the optimization task in reaction torque-based active or in-active control.A real-time simulation system of a 7-DOF space robot under Linux/RTAI is developed to verify and test the feasibility and reliability of the proposed ideas.Our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the corresponding analysis about the reaction torque is correct and the proposed methods are feasible.     

Extrinsic calibration of a laser displacement sensor in a non-contact coordinate measuring machine

In order to implement 3D scanning of those complicated parts such as blades in the aviation field,a non-contact optical measuring system is established in the paper,which integrates a laser displacement sensor,a probe head,the frame of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM),etc.As the output of the laser sensor directly obtained possesses the 1D length of the laser beam,it needs to determine the unit direction vector of the laser beam denoted as (l,m,n) by calibration so as to convert the 1D values into 3D coordinates of target points.Therefore,an extrinsic calibration method based on a standard sphere is proposed to accomplish this task in the paper.During the calibration procedure,the laser sensor moves along with the motion of the CMM and gathers the required data on the spherical surface.Then,both the output of the laser sensor and the grating readings of the CMM are substituted into the constraint equation of the spherical surface,in which an over-determined nonlinear equation group containing unknown parameters is established.For the purpose of solving the equation group,a method based on non-linear least squares optimization is put forward.Finally,the system after calibration is utilized to measure the diameter of a metallic sphere 10 times from different orientations to verify the calibration accuracy.In the experiment,the errors between the measured results and the true values are all smaller than 0.03 mm,which manifests the validity and practicality of the extrinsic calibration method presented in the paper.     

工业 S型热电偶1100℃以上温度点校准方法

越来越多的单位要求对工业S型热电偶1100℃以上温度点进行校准，但目前没有任何技术规范可供参考。本文就这一需求提供了三种解决方案，并对这三个方案的校准结果及不确定度进行对比分析，为计量机构根据客户的需求制定科学合理的校准方案提供参考。     

Multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning of spacecraft using GPS L1/Galileo E1 signals

GNSS-based precise relative positioning between spacecraft normally requires dual frequency observations, whereas attitude determination of the spacecraft, mainly due to the stronger model given by the a priori knowledge of the length and geometry of the baselines, can be performed precisely using only single frequency observations. When the Galileo signals will come available, the number of observations at the L1 frequency will increase as we will have a GPS and Galileo multi-constellation. Moreover the L1 observations of the Galileo system and modernized GPS are more precise than legacy GPS and this, combined with the increased number of observations, will result in a stronger model for single frequency relative positioning. In this contribution we will develop an even stronger model by combining the attitude determination problem with relative positioning. The attitude determination problem will be solved by the recently developed Multivariate Constrained (MC-) LAMBDA method. We will do this for each spacecraft and use the outcome for an ambiguity constrained solution on the baseline between the spacecraft. In this way the solution for the unconstrained baseline is bootstrapped from the MC-LAMBDA solutions of each spacecraft in what is called: multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning. The developed approach will be compared in simulations with relative positioning using a single antenna at each spacecraft (standard LAMBDA) and a vectorial bootstrapping approach. In the simulations we will analyze single epoch, single frequency success rates as the most challenging application. The difference in performance for the approaches for single epoch solutions, is a good indication of the strength of the underlying models. As the multivariate bootstrapping approach has a stronger model by applying information on the geometry of the constrained baselines, for applications with large observation noise and limited number of observations this will result in a better performance compared to the vectorial bootstrapping approach. Compared with standard LAMBDA, it can reach a 59% higher success rate for ambiguity resolution. The higher success rate on the unconstrained baseline between the platforms comes without extra computational load as the constrained baseline(s) problem has to be solved for attitude determination and this information can be applied for relative positioning.     

基于直线成像特征的视觉测量系统综合标定方法

针对视觉测量系统存在复杂系统误差的特点,提出一种基于直线成像特征的系统综合标定方法,有效地保证了测量精度.该方法通过对1等量块的平行直线边缘提取,建立量块边缘空间物点位置和像点位置的原始对应关系,利用量块边缘的理想直线特征,通过统计计算对测量系统进行综合标定,建立描述空间物点位置和像点位置的相互对应关系的二元三次标定函数.对在测量范围内不同方位的量块进行多次测量,表明使用这种标定方法标定的视觉测量系统的测量精度能够达到.     

高分辨率星载斜视SAR的姿态导引

高分辨星载斜视合成孔径雷达回波信号中,多普勒中心频率随距离向的变化通常是十分显著的.这种变化导致系统需要更高的脉冲重复频率来实现方位向无混叠采样.然而,过高的脉冲重复频率将引起严重的距离模糊、极大的数据率,并将限制成像区域大小.本文推导了一种新的全零多普勒导引方法,并在此基础上提出了一种最小化多普勒中心频率随距离变化的姿态导引方法,从而能够最大限度地降低系统脉冲重复频率.根据星地空间几何关系和姿态导引原理,文中推导了实现全零多普勒导引的偏航角和俯仰角的解析表达式,并进一步给出了最小化多普勒中心频率随距离变化的姿态导引规律.最后通过计算机仿真,验证了该方法的有效性.     

高精度卫星光学遥感器辐射定标技术

随着长期气候变化等观测新需求和高分辨对地观测等新手段的发展,空间光学仪器面临进一步提高辐射定标精度的要求。文章从空间光学仪器定标精度的制约因素和全过程定标的实现等方面,分析了国际相关领域的技术进展,并就新型定标技术的研究和应用提出建议与展望。     

微小型无人机三轴磁强计现场误差校正方法

详细分析微小型无人机导航用三轴磁强计的误差来源,建立三轴磁强计的等效误差模型,提出基于两步估计算法和圆约束非对准误差估计算法的三轴磁强计现场误差校正方法.在充分考虑地磁场偏转和倾斜特性的基础上,提出适合微小型无人机应用的现场数据采样策略,能够在较少的旋转操作下获得较好的采样数据.仿真表明:在所有磁场误差都存在的情况下,...     

测试与校准过程控制

介绍了过程控制方法、要素及应用,以实例说明如何对测试和校准实验室实施有效的过程控制。