A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

同轴源原子氧地面模拟装置及其性能

叙述了同轴源原子氧模拟装置的基本工作原理和装置的各组成单元及其功能;介绍了装置性能的测量方法及结果。结果表明：装置产生的原子氧能量可以控制在５ｅＶ～１０ｅＶ;原子氧的束流强度约为４×１０１５个／ｃｍ２·ｓ;原子氧束中氧离子的含量小于０．１％。     

高层大气原子氧的半年周变

地球高层大气成分的长期变化受太阳黑子周、太阳活动程度和地磁活动程度等诸多因子所控制．本文利用国外有关高层大气成分的数据,分别讨论受上述控制因子影响的高层大气成分长期变化,讨论范围仅限原子氧半年周期变化．选用LDEF在轨飞行器1984年4月—1990年1月高度470km附近的长期资料进行统计分析,结果表明,高度470km附近原子氧在年平均太阳黑子数＜20、太阳活动程度相对低而平稳期间,半年周期的变化尤为明显,相对变幅约为40％—60％、井随平均太阳黑子数增加而增大．而年平均太阳黑子数峰值的1989年期间（＞120）,半年变化的相对变幅可达87％左右．     

一种对铬镀层发灰、发黄高效返工的新工艺

针对传统工艺在处理镀铬层发灰、发黄时存在的劳动强度大和效率低下的问题，提出一种利用化学和电化学的方法使钝化了的镍层处于活性状态，再进行第二次镀铬的工艺。解决了一般传统工艺需要全部退掉镍－镍－铬镀层或机械抛光镍层后再进行第二次镀铬的问题，该工艺成本低、对环境无污染、可用于精密零件的返工。     

原子氧对航天器用有机热控涂层影响的研究

以在我国某型号卫星上应用的两种有机热控涂层——改进型S781铝灰漆和S956灰漆作为对象，首次就近地轨道原子氧环境对涂层性能（太阳吸收比αS和红外半球发射率εH）的影响进行实验研究。实验中采用同轴源原子氧装置，以近地轨道原子氧通量条件对涂层进行试验。结果表明，原子氧对涂层表面的侵蚀作用是造成涂层性能退化的主要原因，在相同的原子氧剂量下，涂层性能变化的程度与涂层组成成分的配比有关。     

原子氧与航天器表面辉光现象

低地球轨道上的原子氧环境效应不仅造成航天器表面材料的退降,还产生表面辉光现象。文章对辉光现象进行了描述,并介绍了它的起因、可能的机理及对航天器造成的有害影响。     

低地球轨道环境对材料的影响

综述了原子氧、空间辐射、热循环、高真空、微流星和空间碎片等低地球轨道环境因素对材料性能的影响；从地面模拟实验、材料研制与防护涂层的开发等方面提出了急需解决的问题，为空间站、人造卫星等低轨道航天器用材料的选择与研制提供了依据。     

原子氧环境对硅凝胶材料的侵蚀效应研究

简述了DC93-500和GN511硅凝胶材料原子氧环境试验过程,分析和考察了DC93-500和GN511硅凝胶材料在原子氧环境作用下的侵蚀效应,探索了原子氧环境对硅凝胶材料的作用机理.结果表明在原子氧环境作用下,DC93-500和GN511硅凝胶材料样品的可见光透射率明显下降;样品表面被氧化并出现龟裂裂纹和凸起的小岛;随着原子氧作用累积通量的进一步增加,样品表面会由于小岛被剥落而发生质损现象;相对于GN511而言,DC93-500硅凝胶材料在原子氧环境下的结构和性质较为稳定.     

Frequency steering of spaceborne clocks based on XPNAV-1 observations

Due to high stable rotations, timing of pulsars provides a natural tool to correct the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks. Based on processing the observational data about a year of Crab pulsar given by XPNAV-1 satellite, we study the possibility of correcting the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks using pulsar timing. According to the observational data in X-ray band and the timing model parameters from radio observations, the pre-fit timing residuals with a level of 6...