Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

高层大气臭氧对于太阳紫外辐射27天波动的响应

本文利用Ｓｏｌａｒ Ｍｅｓｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ（ＳＭＥ）卫星１９８２年和１９８３年太阳紫外辐射和赤道地区５０－９０ｋｍ臭氧分布的红外观测资料，对臭氧地太阳紫外辐射２７天振荡的响应进行了研究，并且利用大气光化波动模式对其进行了理论计算，计算结果与实测结果基本一致。     

空间环境模拟器的FMEA分析方法

故障模式和影响分析(FMEA)是应用在系统可靠性工程领域的一项成熟技术。文章介绍了FMEA的概念、原理和步骤,并将FMEA应用到空间环境模拟设备中。首先,对空间环境模拟器可靠性分析的必要性进行阐述;接着,以国军标GJB/Z1391-2006为依据,结合空间环境模拟器的特点,阐述空间环境模拟器FMEA工作开展的一般过程。文章以某空间环境模拟器氮系统为例具体进行了FMEA分析,结果表明,将FMEA应用于空间环境模拟器可有效地提高设备运行的可靠性。     

电极面型对横向激励高气压CO2激光器放电的影响

计算并讨论了均匀场电极中电极板安装结构、电极板厚度对实际电场分布影响。计算表明在基本参数类似的条件下,近罗可夫斯基电极表面电场强度具有17%的非均匀性,但在垂直放电方向的对称面上却有更好的均匀性。对放电区辉光的时间积分照片和像增强型CCD相机记录的瞬态照片进行了分析,结果表明:电极表面的电场强度分布,仅对放电的初始发展具有影响,而放电区中央的电场分布以及预电离强度,对最终放电区的均匀性具有决定性的影响。     

超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环性能分析及优化设计方法研究

为发展工程适用的超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环优化设计方法,研究了关键参数对超临界二氧化碳再压缩循环性能的影响规律,阐述了循环优化设计的必要性,并基于粒子群算法发展了一种再压缩循环优化设计方法.该方法以最低循环压力、循环增压比和分流因子为优化变量,以循环热效率为目标,以合流三通进口温差为约束条件.参数影响规律分析结果表明:循...     

四氧化二氮与卫星贮箱材料的长期相容性研究

本文进行了N_2O_4与N_2O_4+1%NO两种介质与TC_4钛合金、304L不锈钢及二者焊件的长期相容性研究.实验中一方面对试件和介质进行了较为全面细致的检测与分析,得出了一级相容性数据,另一方面对浸泡后试件进行了XPS深度剖析,初步阐明了TC_4与304L的抗蚀机理.     

涡轮泵流体静压轴承性能计算与试验研究

针对重复使用液体火箭发动机涡轮泵,设计了试验用流体静压轴承,利用不可压层流润滑雷诺方程的线性性质,对轴承液膜压力进行数值求解,计算分析了分别采用水和液氮作为润滑介质时,轴承的承载力和流量特性与偏心率和供给压力的关系;进行了轴承的节流孔流量特性和水润滑试验。结果表明：静压轴承短孔（非典型小孔）节流器的流量系数远超出常用的小孔节流器流量系数的参考范围;在相同的工况下,数值计算得到的水润滑和液氮润滑静压轴承的质量流量相差很小;高速水润滑试验中,主轴在轴承中浮起后的位置主要由供给压力决定,在0~30 000 r/min的转速范围内轴承没有明显的动压效应;数值计算和试验结果均表明静压轴承的质量流量与偏心率基本无关。水和液氮润滑静压轴承性能数值计算和水润滑试验结果为进一步的液氮低温润滑试验奠定了基础。