极光带电急流产生声重波的效率

对大气中声重波的产生源的效率作了分析计算。结果显示,不同源的效率相差很大,而且还随频率、离原的距离和方向,以及不同的波动参量而变。对于极光带电急流产生声重波的源,即洛伦兹力和焦耳加热两个源来说,产生近场声重波的效率以洛伦兹为高、对于沿极光带电急流平面的运场区声重波而言,焦耳加热的效率高得多。但对垂直于极为带电流平面的速度波动则洛伦兹力的产生效率高得多;对于沿极光带电急流平面的法向的远场区内的所有声重波参量而言,洛地兹力的产生效率高得多。      

返回式卫星主动段热控设计

我国的一种返回式卫星发射时未设整流罩,星体直接受到气动加热。利用热惯性法进行主动段热控设计,理论计算值、试验值均未超过飞行测量数据,说明设计和计算是合理的。     

压力机螺栓预紧研究

通过对8MN压力机参数分析和螺栓预紧力的计算,提出采用电磁感应涡流加热螺栓使其伸长而预紧的技术方案.经实践验证,该技术方案可行、有效,为此类重大设备在移位搬迁或技术改造时,解决螺栓无法预紧的难题提供了新的思路和途径.     

高超声速飞行器材料与结构气动热环境模拟方法及试验研究

文章介绍了自行研制的石英灯红外辐射式气动加热试验模拟系统以及使用该系统对高超声速飞行器材料与结构进行的高温热评价试验。本热试验系统可实现升温速率高至200 ℃/s的非线性热冲击过程的动态模拟;能够生成1.8 MW/m2热流密度的瞬态非线性热试验模拟环境;能将试验环境温度提高到1 500 ℃。在该热试验系统上完成了如下试验研究: 1）金属蜂窝板结构在高温950 ℃非线性热环境下的隔热性能评价试验和数值模拟;2）对SiC/SiC复合材料试件在1 300～1 500 ℃下的隔热性能评价试验;3）采用轴向非分段加热试验方式对圆柱型壳体结构（长2.1 m）内壁进行高温热环境试验。本试验系统在可控的非线性温升速率、高温高热流密度变化过程的动态模拟、热试验环境模拟的准确性以及非接触式全场高温变形测量等方面的研究成果达到了国际先进水平。     

高速巡航导弹翼面结构热-振联合试验研究

由于高速巡航导弹飞行速度快、滞空时间长,在气动加热引起弹翼、整流罩和弹体等部件外表面温度升高的同时,还会伴随长时间的剧烈振动。气动加热产生的热环境会使材料和结构的弹性模量、刚度等力学性能发生明显变化,复杂的机动飞行过程又会使结构中出现较大的温度梯度,引起热应力场的改变,进而对导弹结构的固有振动特性带来严重的影响。以高速巡航导弹翼面结构为研究对象,进行了热环境下的翼面结构热-振联合试验,获得了不同温度条件下翼面结构固有频率等振动特性的变化规律,为巡航导弹弹翼结构在高速、热振动环境下的安全设计提供了可靠依据。     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

Multi-instrument observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with enhanced auroral activity over Svalbard

This study reports on observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances (AGWs/TIDs) using Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) and Fabry–Perot Interferometer’s (FPI’s) intensity of oxygen red line emission at 630?nm measurements over Svalbard on the night of 6 January 2014. TEC large-scale TIDs have primary periods ranging between 29 and 65?min and propagate at a mean horizontal velocity of $～$749–761?m/s with azimuth of $～$345–347$°$ (which corresponds to poleward propagation direction). On the other hand, FPI large-scale AGWs have larger periods of $～$42–142?min. These large-scale AGWs/TIDs were linked to enhanced auroral activity identified from co-located all-sky camera and IMAGE magnetometers. Similar periods, speed and poleward propagation were found for the all-sky camera ($～$60–97?min and $～$823?m/s) and the IMAGE magnetometers ($～$32–53?min and $～$708?m/s) observations. Joule heating or/and particle precipitation as a result of auroral energy injection were identified as likely generation mechanisms for these disturbances.     

火星进入点误差对开伞点分布影响分析

随着火星探测任务需求的提升,着陆器在火星表面着陆精度的要求越来越高。着陆器开伞点分布是影响着陆精度的重要因素。文章围绕火星大气进入过程,简要介绍了着陆器运动学方程,并给出相应的数学模型。针对进入点（接触大气层）存在的初始状态误差,借助MonteCarlo法进行了着陆器开伞点分布情况分析。通过1000次重复仿真试验得出结论,着陆器开伞点的纵向误差在20~40km,横向误差在5~10km。最后,针对提高开伞点精度,提出两点建议并简要介绍了相关制导算法。     

中长期轨道预报中大气阻力系数补偿算法的研究

利用地磁平静期的CHAMP卫星精密星历对多个弧段的大气阻力系数进行解算,找到了适用于轨道预报的最优系数,分析了最优阻力系数与地磁指数、迹向残差的关系,利用线性回归分析建立了大气阻力系数补偿算法。针对中长期轨道预报的需求,该算法能够降低定轨弧段较短条件下阻力系数的解算误差。将该补偿算法应用于不同时期CHAMP卫星和天宫一号的轨道预报,验证了该算法的正确性和普遍适用性,结果表明预报精度能够提高20%以上。     

高超声速飞行器前缘缝隙流动数值模拟研究

通过分析高超声速飞行器前缘防热瓦结构,建立了一种开缝前缘的简化模型。针对这一模型的流场通过求解三维可压缩Navier Stokes方程进行了数值模拟。研究了缝隙诱导形成的三维旋涡的空间分布特征和旋涡运动对物面气动加热的影响规律。模型圆弧段缝隙肩部倒圆区因存在较强的三维效应形成“常规”高热流区,而缝隙内主旋涡再附致使侧壁上存在一个“非常规”高热流区;模型平直段展向流动诱导缝隙上方出现较强的旋涡运动,同时流动在缝隙倒圆区形成分离涡并于缝隙侧壁面再附,受这些旋涡运动的影响,缝隙肩部倒圆区转变为局部热流低值区,缝隙侧壁上存在局部热流高值区。