平板空气舵干扰区烧蚀凹陷对热环境影响

针对高速飞行条件下空气舵干扰区烧蚀产生的局部凹陷对气动加热的影响问题,建立了平板-空气舵流动模型,针对典型高速飞行状态,采用高温热化学非平衡数值模拟,研究了空气舵缝隙区的流动结构和气动加热规律,并对舵缝干扰区的烧蚀外形进行了模化,分析了干扰区烧蚀凹陷对流动结构和气动加热的影响,结果表明:烧蚀凹陷改变了干扰区压力分布规律,降低了沿展向压力梯度,从而抑制了边界层的横向流动和厚度减薄效应,使得干扰区热流降低,且热流降低量值与烧蚀凹陷深度呈正相关,凹陷深度为5 mm时干扰区热流降低量达到28.9%。      

大气密度变化对卫星返回轨道参数的影响

本文在考虑大气密度(90km高度以下) 随地理纬度、高度及时间(月份)随机变化的基础上,沿卫星的返回轨道建立了随机大气密度的统计模型。并应用该模型产生的随机大气密度样本,进行返回轨道的Monte Corlo法模拟计算。通过对模拟计算得到的返回轨道参数样本的统计处理,本文分析了大气密度变化对卫星返回轨道参数的影响。另外,本文还介绍了近似估计大气密度变化对返回轨道参数影响的影响系数法。     

地球大气再入返回器辐射加热计算方法研究

针对地球大气再入返回器的辐射加热计算方法开展了研究,采用NASA的高温空气辐射加热预测软件QRAD中用到的四光谱带模型,同时考虑了辐射散热效应及非平衡辐射加热.对于返回舱大底的辐射加热分布特性,采用了基于牛顿压力分布的计算方法.计算结果表明,发展的高超声速再人体辐射加热预测方法结果可靠.     

A novel intelligent adaptive control of laser-based ground thermal test

Laser heating technology is a type of potential and attractive space heat flux simulation technology, which is characterized by high heating rate, controlled spatial intensity distribution and rapid response. However, the controlled plant is nonlinear, time-varying and uncertainty when implementing the laser-based heat flux simulation. In this paper, a novel intelligent adaptive controller based on proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) type fuzzy logic is proposed to improve the performance of laser-based ground thermal test. The temperature range of thermal cycles is more than 200 K in many instances. In order to improve the adaptability of controller,output scaling factors are real time adjusted while the thermal test is underway. The initial values of scaling factors are optimized using a stochastic hybrid particle swarm optimization(H-PSO)algorithm. A validating system has been established in the laboratory. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated through extensive experiments under different operating conditions(reference and load disturbance). The results show that the proposed adaptive controller performs remarkably better compared to the conventional PID(PID) controller and the conventional PID type fuzzy(F-PID) controller considering performance indicators of overshoot, settling time and steady state error for laser-based ground thermal test. It is a reliable tool for effective temperature control of laser-based ground thermal test.     

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统（FMS）巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机之间巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理（第一法则）的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明：本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS 巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。     

基于精确星光大气折射观测模型的轨道摄动研究

基于星光折射间接敏感地平自主导航方法,改进了现有的大气密度模型和固定高度(25km)的观测模型,建立了自适应连续高度(20km～50km)的星光折射观测模型,并在此观测模型的基础上深入分析研究了影响导航精度的各种轨道摄动力,包括地球形状各阶摄动力、不同高度的大气阻力摄动力、太阳光辐射压力等.提出一种精简的大气模式--静止变标高球面大气,解决了由于高层大气密度的求解复杂,使大气阻力摄动模型不精确的问题,由此取得了较好的导航定位精度.利用UKF和EKF两种不同非线性算法,对考虑各种摄动力后的导航定位精度进行全面的计算机仿真实验,并就仿真结果进行了误差分析,同时研究了各种有关参数对导航精度的影响.     

高超声速飞行器防热瓦结构的变厚度轻量化设计方法

针对非均匀气动加热条件下三维复杂防热瓦结构的轻量化需求,基于变厚度设计理念,发展了一种基于网格变形技术（ASD）和热固耦合分析相结合的防热瓦结构优化方法。优化结果表明,基于网格变形技术能够快速有效地解决优化过程中的网格自动更新问题,避免了网格重新划分的耗费及复杂结构网格重构的困难,并得到了光滑柔顺的厚度形状曲线;相比等厚设计,变厚度设计可以有效考虑载荷的非均匀效应,并极大地减轻结构重量;优化后可以更充分发挥防热瓦结构各层材料的承载能力。     

Influence of non-equilibrium reactions on the optimization of aerothrust aeroassisted maneuver with orbital change

The spaceplane is perspective vehicle due to wide maneuverability in comparison with a space capsule. Its maneuverability is expressed by the larger flight range and also by a possibility to rotate orbital inclination in the atmosphere by the aerodynamic and thrust forces. Orbital plane atmospheric rotation maneuvers can significantly reduce fuel costs compared to rocket-dynamic non-coplanar maneuver. However, this maneuver occurs at Mach numbers about 25, and such velocities lead to non-equilibrium chemical reactions in the shock wave. Such reactions change a physicochemical air property, and it affects aerodynamic coefficients. This paper investigates the influence of non-equilibrium reactions on the aerothrust aeroassisted maneuver with orbital change. The approach is to solve an optimization problem using the differential evolution algorithm with a temperature limitation. The spaceplane aerodynamic coefficients are determined by the numerical solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The aerodynamic calculations are conducted for the cases of perfect and non-equilibrium gases. A comparison of optimal trajectories, control laws, and fuel costs is made between models of perfect and non-equilibrium gases. The effect of a chemically reacting gas on the finite parameters is also evaluated using control laws obtained for a perfect gas.     

The use of MODIS 250 m bands to improve the MODIS 1 km ocean color atmospheric correction algorithm in turbid water

“Clear water” is a scale-dependent concept, so it is more likely to successfully find the “clear water” from images with smaller scale than that with larger scale data. In this study, an optimal spectral relationship of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m and 1 km resolution data at near-infrared bands (OSRLM) is constructed for converting pseudo “clear water” reflectance at 859 nm to those at 748 and 869 nm. According to scale effects, the satellite-observed pseudo “clear water” reflectance is greater than 5.18%, larger than that derived from OSRLM model. An atmospheric correction model for MODIS 1km data using pseudo “clear water” reflectance of MODIS 250 m data (ACMM) was developed for improving the performance of traditional “clear water” atmospheric correction model (CWAC). The model validation results indicate that ACMM model has a better performance than CWAC model. By comparison, the uncertainty decreases by 19.18% in the use of ACMM model over CWAC model for deriving water-leaving reflectance in Taihu Lake, China. This uncertainty is significantly reduced in water-leaving reflectance estimation due to partial removal of scale effects on “clear water”. These findings imply that satellite-derived aerosol scattering contribution at smaller scale usually has a better performance than that at larger scale.     

The impact of microwave absorber and radome geometries on GNSS measurements of station coordinates and atmospheric water vapour

We have used microwave absorbing material in different geometries around ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antennas in order to mitigate multipath effects on the estimates of station coordinates and atmospheric water vapour. The influence of a hemispheric radome – of the same type as in the Swedish GPS network SWEPOS – was also investigated. Two GNSS stations at the Onsala Space Observatory were used forming a 12 m baseline. GPS data from October 2008 to November 2009 were analyzed by the GIPSY/OASIS II software using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing strategy for five different elevation cutoff angles from 5° to 25°. We found that the use of the absorbing material decreases the offset in the estimated vertical component of the baseline from ∼27 mm to ∼4 mm when the elevation cutoff angle varies from 5° to 20°. The horizontal components are much less affected. The corresponding offset in the estimates of the atmospheric Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) decreases from ∼1.6 kg/m² to ∼0.3 kg/m². Changes less than 5 mm in the offsets in the vertical component of the baseline are seen for all five elevation cutoff angle solutions when the antenna was covered by a hemispheric radome. Using the radome affects the IWV estimates less than 0.4 kg/m² for all different solutions. IWV comparisons between a Water Vapour Radiometer (WVR) and the GPS data give consistent results.