加热表面水珠运动特性研究

为研究加热表面的水珠运动特性,提出了加热表面水珠的几何参数、受力及其运动过程的计算方法。试验获得了水珠的表面阻滞力、黏性阻力和气动力计算关系式中的相关系数,给出了不同风速条件下水珠运动的临界直径,进行了加热表面水珠运动试验并对其过程进行了数值计算。试验结果表明：水珠的无量纲表面阻滞力保持恒定,运动时受到的黏性阻力与其运动速度和宽度有关,在外流场作用下所受的气动力可采用修正圆球阻力公式进行计算。将试验获得的相关系数加入水珠运动模型中,对加热表面水珠运动过程进行数值计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合,说明本文所述方法能够准确地模拟加热表面水珠大小和位置随时间的变化。     

高速飞行器翼面结构热振动试验的TARMA模型方法

高速飞行器翼面结构的热振动试验研究对这类飞行器的设计和安全飞行具有重要的意义。采用时变自回归滑动平均(TARMA)模型方法建立了受热时变结构系统模态频率辨识的数学模型,并用一个数值算例进行了验证。将地面振动测试系统与瞬态热环境模拟系统相结合,设计了翼面结构热振动试验系统并模拟结构的瞬态温度场,同时对纯随机激振力激励下受热时变结构系统的振动位移信号进行测量,并用TARMA模型对时变固有频率进行了辨识,获得了前4阶固有频率随加热时间的变化规律,并将辨识结果与数值计算结果进行了比较,两者误差在5%以内。另外,在稳态均匀热环境下辨识得到的结构系统固有频率变化与数值计算结果也吻合得很好。通过将均匀温度场与瞬态温度场下的结果进行对比分析,指出了瞬态热环境下时变结构的固有频率随加热时间变化的趋势主要由结构材料属性的退化和结构内部不均匀热应力的影响共同决定。     

Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

Study of satellite retrieved CO2 and CH4 concentration over India

This paper reports a study of spatial and temporal variations of columnar averaged concentration of CO₂ and CH₄ over India using SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) data. Comparison of these data with the global view National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) land data and also location specific flask data is made. The temporal variation in column averaged global CO₂ is similar to that over India and it is also similar to the NOAA surface flask data and global view. The variation in NOAA surface CH₄ is location dependent and its global view appears to vary seasonally in opposite phase with the column averaged CH₄ values from satellites, reflecting the limited comparability of surface and column averaged data. Over India the CO₂ maximum is in May and minimum in August/September while for CH₄ the maximum is in September and minimum in February/March. The seasonal variation of CH₄ over India is correlated with the eastern coastal rice cultivation.     

航天器大气进入过程制导方法综述

研究承担进入任务的升阻比小于0.5的小升阻比航天器,基于对该类航天器大气进入制导方法的调研,分别以地球大气再入和火星大气进入过程为例,分析了进入制导需满足的各种约束和待解决的技术难题,并对大气进入制导控制方法的研究现状进行了阐述,对不同方法的优缺点进行了对比研究分析和归纳总结,对未来研究发展方向进行了展望。     

旋流和风阻温升下压气机级间篦齿封严空气网络计算模型

以压气机级间篦齿封严结构为研究对象,将封严系统简化为典型元件组成的空气网络,建立相应的元件流动特性计算模型。篦齿封严泄漏特性计算模型中没有考虑旋流和风阻温升影响的问题。特别采用一维流基本方程组进行描述旋转盘腔内的旋流,转子壁面摩阻应用经验关系式计算,方程组采用龙格-库塔法求解。旋转盘腔一维工程计算获得其旋流速度和风阻温升分布。根据旋流速度的大小,采用面积修正法对篦齿封严的泄漏特性计算方法进行了修正,并通过考虑流体物性随沿程温度变化来考虑风阻温升的影响。考虑旋流与温升的泄漏流量计算结果与数值计算结果最大相差1.4%,而不考虑旋流及风阻温升时最小偏差为9.9%,最大偏差为20.1%。一维工程计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,两者吻合良好,相对偏差不超过7%。计算中采用实测的篦齿间隙,该间隙通过在旋转篦齿实验中测量转子的转动变形与受热膨胀,以及机匣的热变形而获得。      

在强地磁活动期间热层大气成份和密度的变化

选用了１９７４－０７－０６,１９８２－０３－０２和１９８２－０９－０６三次强地磁活动时的Ａｐ值,由ＡＥ－Ｃ和ＤＥ－Ｂ卫星所测得的热层成份数据,进行统计分析,结果表明;在强地磁活动期间,热层大气密度涨落变化十分清晰、涨幅随高度增高而增大,高度６００ｋｍ附近涨幅可直达４倍,热层大气成份中Ｎ２的数密度涨幅最大,而原子氧的丰度在强地磁活动期间明显地下降。     

复材加热组件一体成型制备及其热/力学性能研究

针对玻纤/环氧复合材料,采用平板硫化机热压成型制备工艺,将预封装的石墨烯加热元件内嵌于复材夹层中,从而制备得到复材加热组件。实验证明,该制备方法对石墨烯复合材料的阻值及发热影响较小,保证了石墨烯加热元件的防/除冰效率。基于复材加热组件,进行了热/力学性能实验和低温除冰实验。实验结果表明,复材加热组件的温升速率随热流密度的增加而增大,并且铺层位置对复材加热组件的温升具有较大影响。在冷环境除冰实验中,环境温度为-20℃,热流密度为0.3 W/cm²时,相较于传统电加热组件,复材加热组件的除冰时间大幅减小,能耗减少约30%,为进一步制备复材加热机翼奠定了基础。     

太阳风质子的波能串级-回旋共振加热机制的初级模型

空间飞船Helios 1和2的观测表明, 由0.3AU, 至1AU, 质子的磁矩T_p⊥/B随日心距离增加而增加, 而纵向绝热不变量T_p∥B2/N_P2则随日心距离增加而下降。这说明质子在垂直于行星际磁场方向上受到加热, 而在平行磁场的方向上受到冷却。以往没有理论能满意地解释上述现象, 本文在Alfvén脉动串级理论的基础上利用回旋波的准线性理论分析研究了串级能量转化为太阳风质子热能的机制, 解释了上述观测事实。      

反向电集流出现率与大气准两年振荡

本文分析印度Trivandrum地磁台的约两个太阳黑子周期的地磁场水平分量小时值。在部分地消除了太阳黑子周期及一年周期变化后,发现了反向电集流出现率的QBO调制现象:QBO东风相反向电集流出现率增加;QBO西风相反向电集流出现率减小。据此讨论了反向电集流的形成机制,认为大气行星波在其上传过程中与太阳半日波或太阴半日波的相互作用,有可能导致两种半日波的放大和相位移动,并最终导致反向电集流的出现。