Brazing diamond grits onto AA7075 aluminium alloy substrate with Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy by laser heating

The brazing of diamond is a promising way to fabricate grinding wheels for efficient machining and precision grinding. This work investigated the feasibility of bonding diamond grits onto Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) substrate with a Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy via laser fusion brazing. The interfacial microstructures and the strength of the brazed diamond joints were studied. The cross-section of the brazed diamond joint consists of a molten filler alloy layer, a molten pool, a heat effect zone, a columnar crystal zone and an equiaxed crystal zone. Within the interface of the filler alloy/substrate metal, microstructures observed possibly were Ag(s.s), Al(s.s), TixAl, Al2Cu and Mg intermetallic compounds. A layer of TiC with a thickness of about 30–50 nm was found at the bonding interface of the diamond/filler alloy. The averaged peak shear force of the brazed joints was found to be approximately 39.8 N. The abrasion grinding test indicated that the diamond/AA7075 brazed joint was adequate for grinding. However, the pulled-off of grit was found to be the primary failure of this type of brazed joint. This work broadened the brazing diamond technique and the range of applications of brazed diamond wheels for efficient grinding.     

Broglio Drag Balance for neutral thermosphere density measurement on UNICubeSAT

The nanosatellite UNICubeSAT is described, carrying a Broglio Drag Balance Instrument for neutral thermosphere density in situ measurements. The aim of the mission is to contribute to the development of accurate thermosphere models, achieving in situ, real time measurements of atmosphere density, that could be exploited for global atmosphere model validation and accurate short term (1–3 days) real time space weather forecasts. The satellite is inexpensive and swarms could be easily launched operating as a distributed sensor network to get simultaneous in situ local (not orbit averaged) measurements in multiple positions and orbit heights. The nanosatellite is based on the Cubesat standard architecture, weighing about 1 kg for 1-L volume. Atmospheric drag force is measured by the displacement of light plates exposed to the incoming particle flux seen by the spacecraft, applying the original three dimensional Broglio Drag Balance concept to a single nanosatellite axis. The instrument concept and its relation to the satellite bus is depicted, showing that many long term potential measurement error sources and biases can be removed in data processing if the spacecraft is spin stabilized. The expected accuracy in density measurements is 20%. The instrument cost is a fraction of that of accurate accelerometers. The onboard systems are based on commercial off the shelf components, in accordance with the short lifetime typical of aeronomy satellites.     

高超声速再入钝头体表面热流计算

采用边界层外缘无黏流场数值求解三维可压缩定常Euler方程,将所得物面压力分布作为边界层外缘条件,用于边界层内跟踪流线的轴对称比拟工程算法,计算高超声速有攻角再入钝头体的表面热流。某钝双锥算例结果表明:算得的表面热流与实验数据吻合很好。该方法较纯工程算法提高了精度,较数值求解整个流场Navi-er-Stokes方程节省计算时间,对准确计算全轨道飞行复杂形状高超声速飞行器表面的热流分布有一定价值,适宜高超声速飞行器方案设计阶段气动热环境预测的需要。     

污染空气对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响

采用纯净空气和污染空气来流下对比试验的方法,研究了飞行马赫数4条件下H2O和CO2污染组分对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响。对比试验中针对纯净空气来流和污染空气来流匹配了来流总温、总压、氧气摩尔分数和当量油气比。完成了0.53和0.42两种当量油气比条件下纯净空气来流和污染空气来流的氢燃料超声速燃烧试验,预定考察的H2O污染组分摩尔浓度分别有7.5%,18%和26%三种,CO2污染组分浓度有3.0%和7.5%两种。研究结果表明,H2O,CO2或H2O+CO2组合污染对燃烧诱导压升产生了明显的非线性抑制影响,直接将污染试验空气来流下的试验结果外推应用到飞行条件,可能导致供油量偏大、甚至进气道不启动;同时也影响了隔离段内燃烧诱导激波链结构,使燃烧工作模态趋向于超燃模态。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器表面加热特点研究

高超声速滑翔飞行器具有高机动和远程快速到达能力,是高超声速技术应用的前沿领域。快速准确地预测飞行器表面受热变化特征,对高超声速滑翔飞行器热防护系统设计十分重要。以基于锥导乘波构型的高超声速滑翔飞行器和跳跃飞行弹道为研究对象,对其表面不同特征区域的加热开展了快速预测方法研究;采用选用方法分析驻点辐射平衡温度随飞行弹道的变化规律;在弹道特征位置上针对飞行器前缘及上、下表面的加热情况进行分析,获得高超声速滑翔飞行器受热的整体特征,可为分区域选择热防护措施提供参考。     

航天器真空热试验用加热板的数值仿真

文章针对加热板在航天器热试验中的传热特点,利用Thermal Desktop软件建立了加热板和空间模拟器热沉的热数学模型,分析了电热丝数量、加热板材料和液氮管路布置方式对加热板升、降温时间和温度分布的影响;建立了模拟星、加热板和热沉的热模型,分析了加热板和星表间距对模拟星表面温度的影响。根据分析研究结果,提出了加热板设计及其在航天器热试验中的应用方法建议。     

常规靶场光学辐射测量及其大气效应校正

简要介绍了光学辐射测量的理论以及辐射测量在常规靶场武器试验中的一些应用,常规靶场常见目标的光学辐射特征、主要测量参数及意义。论述了红外辐射计校准的意义、校正的方法以及仪器选购需注意的几个问题。还讨论了辐射测量中大气效应校正的重要作用和方法,以及相关的软件。     

空气环境质量状况模糊综合评价分析

通过利用模糊综合评价方法对某地区的空气环境质量监测数据状况进行分析与评价,并考虑到各种对环境质量影响,经综合模糊性和随机性分析证明:模糊综合评价方法简单,结论客观地反映了某地区的空气环境质量水平,与实际的空气污染现状相符.     

座舱蒙皮外表面气动加热的物理仿真研究

座舱蒙皮外表面气动加热的物理仿真是座舱热特性试验研究的重要基础。把平行射流理论应用于座舱蒙皮外表面气动加热的物理仿真,提出了气动加热物理仿真的新方法。该方法能够满足座舱动态热特性物理仿真的需要,且在人力、物力上较省。提出了用数学仿真控制座舱热特性试验的方法。这些方法已成功地应用于飞机座舱热载荷和热特性试验中。     

液体火箭发动机气动谐振点火初步研究

气动谐振点火是基于气动谐振加热现象的一种新型的点火方式。在特定的气动谐振条件下,高速喷流与谐振管内流相互作用形成周期性运动的激波和膨胀波,将压缩气体的能量不可逆地转化为热能,形成高温高能的点火源,从而点燃推进剂组元。建立了简化的理论分析模型,对可能获得的最高温度进行了预测,探讨了在液体火箭发动机上实现气动谐振点火的方案。