型号研制的矩阵管理与两师系统

讨论了卫星型号研制中组织机构体制的深化改革问题;介绍了多型号通常采用的矩阵管理体制;论述了两师系统在矩阵管理中的作用;提出了加强两师系统的措施。     

综合效益模型求解方法的探讨

综合效益模型,是一种综合多因素影响的动态模型,它既包括一般效益模型,又考虑最优投资的优化效益模型。前者求解,可用解析法;后者求解,就不那么容易。文章分析了模型特征,认为是一个固定端点的最优控制问题,从而,选用格林定理（公式）能较好地求得满意解。     

基于航材保障工程的初始航材推荐清单研究

航材保障是航空公司成本控制最为重要的方面之一,合理的航材保障水平可以降低采购成本、减少库存,从而提高航空公司的综合竞争力。从工程实际应用出发,介绍了航材保障工程的重要意义,基于新机型初始运营的特殊需求,着重探讨了初始航材推荐清单编制的一般方法,并通过具体实例验证了该编制方法的有效性和实用性,可用于指导航空公司初始航材保障工程。     

Modeling and experimental validation of sawing based lander anchoring and sampling methods for asteroid exploration

This paper presents a novel lander anchoring system based on sawing method for asteroid exploration. The system is composed of three robotic arms, three cutting discs, and a control system. The discs mounted at the end of the arms are able to penetrate into the rock surface of asteroids. After the discs cut into the rock surface, the self-locking function of the arms provides forces to fix the lander on the surface. Modeling, trajectory planning, simulations, mechanism design, and prototype fabrication of the anchoring system are discussed, respectively. The performances of the system are tested on different kinds of rocks, at different sawing angles, locations, and speeds. Results show that the system can cut 15?mm deep into granite rock in 180?s at sawing angle of 60°, with the average power of 58.41?W, and the “weight on bit” (WOB) of 8.637?N. The 7.8?kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225?N normal and 157?N tangent to the surface of the rock. The system has the advantages of low-weight, low energy consumption and balance forces, high anchoring efficiency and reliability, and could enable the lander to move and sample or assist astronauts and robots in walking and sampling on asteroids.     

基于地面分布式数据中心的天地一体化网络

天地一体化网络通常具有覆盖范围广、数据传输量大等特点。现有的一体化网络研究侧重于网络间传输协议,以及如何有效管理网络资源等。但考虑到当前卫星网络数据处理能力相对较差,而地面网络发展已非常成熟,因此将一体化网络与数据中心网络融合,把数据中心网分布式地接入骨干光网络中,卫星作为网络的传输节点与地面分布式数据中心网络构成统一整体;以中国电信骨干网为基础,针对一体化网络的内部传输代价和外部请求代价等多种因素,进行折中,使用整数线性规划得到网络的最优化部署。所提出的网络架构能很好地满足一体化网络的要求,提供了一种具有竞争力的信息平台设计架构。     

支架底座局部强度计算方法研究

近年来航天结构强度分析方法逐渐从工程算法发展到有限元计算方法。这两种方法在强度分析中各自有其优缺点。针对航天运载器中普遍存在的支架底部强度计算问题,采用工程算法和有限元方法进行了对比计算,分析了两种算法各自的适用范围。     

Polyhedron tracking and gravity tractor asteroid deflection

In the wake of the Chelyabinsk airburst, the defense against hazardous asteroids is becoming a topic of high interest. This work improves the gravity tractor asteroid deflection approach by tracking realistic small body shapes with tilted ion engines. An algorithm for polyhedron tracking was evaluated in a fictitious impact scenario. The simulations suggest a capability increase up to 38.2% with such improved tilting strategies. The long- and short-term effects within polyhedron tracking are illustrated. In particular, the orbital reorientation effect is influential when realistic asteroid shapes and rotations are accounted for. Also analyzed is the subject of altitude profiles, a way to tailor the gravity tractor performance, and to achieve a steering ability within the B-plane. A novel analytical solution for the classic gravity tractor is derived. It removes the simulation need for classic tractor designs to obtain comparable two body model Δv$\mathrm{\Delta }v$ figures. This paper corroborates that the asteroid shape can be exploited for maximum performance. Even a single engine tilt adjustment at the beginning of deflection operations yields more deflection than a fixed preset tilt.     

基于模型的系统工程方法在载人航天任务中的应用探讨

针对基于文档的航天任务设计中设计数据分散、一致性差、跟踪难度大等问题,引入了基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法。首先,介绍了MBSE方法理念,即通过构建图形化的模型来支持系统的需求捕获、设计、分析、验证和确认等全生命周期活动。然后,给出了MBSE方法的一般工作流程,即先构建系统的需求模型,用于指导功能模型、物理架构模型等的构建,按照事先制定好的逻辑规则建立模型间的关系,依靠模型间的关系实现设计过程中的关联性分析、参数查询等工作。最后,应用MBSE方法于载人飞船交会对接任务中。结果表明,此方法改善了人员沟通,提高了设计效率,降低了设计风险,可为MBSE方法在航天任务设计中的进一步应用提供参考。     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

电子飞控飞机的飞行品质适航验证

FAA AC25-7A中的飞行品质评定方法 (HQRM)能够对使用电子飞控系统的民用运输机进行飞行品质评估。分析了HQRM评估程序以及相关适航要求,根据某民用飞机飞控系统功能危险分析,针对单侧升降舵卡阻这一典型故障,提出了在该失效状态下的模拟器飞行品质评估试验程序,分别给出了HQRM和相应军用标准评估方法,对军民评估方法的差异性和一致性进行了分析。研究结果对采用电子飞控系统的现代飞机的飞行品质适航验证具有工程参考意义。