Determination of visible coordinates of the low-orbit space objects and their photometry by the CCD camera with the analogue output. Initial image processing

The number of artificial space objects in the low Earth orbit has been continuously increasing. That raises the requirements for the accuracy of measurement of their coordinates and for the precision of the prediction of their motion. The accuracy of the prediction can be improved if the actual current orientation of the non-spherical satellite is taken into account. In so doing, it becomes possible to directly determine the atmospheric density along the orbit. The problem solution is to regularly conduct the photometric surveillances of a large number of satellites and monitor the parameters of their rotation around the centre of mass. To do that, it is necessary to get and promptly process large video arrays, containing pictures of a satellite against the background stars.     

人工智能可解释性评估研究综述CSCD

近年来,可解释人工智能(XAI)发展迅速,成为当前人工智能领域的研究热点,已出现多种人工智能解释方法。如何量化评估XAI的可解释性以及解释方法的效果,对研究XAI具有重要意义。XAI的可解释性评估涉及主、客观因素,是一个复杂且有挑战性的工作。综述了XAI的可解释性评估方法,首先,介绍了XAI的可解释性及其评估的概念和分类;其次,总结和梳理了一些可解释性的特性;在此基础上,从可解释性评估方法和可解释性评估框架两方面,综述和分析了当前可解释性评估工作;最后,总结了当前人工智能可解释性评估研究的不足,并展望了其未来发展方向。     

轨道要素奇异问题的改进四元数方法

运用四元数方法可以在一定范围内解决描绘飞行器轨道运动时轨道要素的奇异问题。但四元数固有的双值性使得在对运动方程进行积分时,其正负选取很困难。为了解决这一问题,采用了改进约束方程的四元数方法,并用该方法描述了拉格朗日行星摄动方程,然后研究了地球扁率摄动对地球同步卫星轨道的影响。仿真结果表明：当偏心率小于1时,四元数可以很好地解决轨道要素奇异性问题。与改进的春分点轨道要素相比,四元数的方法有着更加明确的物理意义和几何意义,用四元数表示的运动变量方程的计算更为简单,积分计算效率更高,而且其计算误差也能达到精度要求。     

Development of a regional rain retrieval algorithm for exclusive mesoscale convective systems over peninsular India

The present study emphasize the development of a region specific rain retrieval algorithm by taking into accounts the cloud features. Brightness temperatures (T_bs) from various TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) channels are calibrated with near surface rain intensity as observed from the TRMM – Precipitation Radar. It shows that T_b–R relations during exclusive-Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) events have greater dynamical range compared to combined events of non-MCS and MCS. Increased dynamical range of T_b–R relations for exclusive-MCS events have led to the development of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based regional algorithm for rain intensity estimation. By using the exclusive MCSs algorithm, reasonably good improvement in the accuracy of rain intensity estimation is observed. A case study of a comparison of rain intensity estimation by the exclusive-MCS regional algorithm and the global TRMM 2A12 rain product with a Doppler Weather Radar shows significant improvement in rain intensity estimation by the developed regional algorithm.     

LC9专用挤压型材应用过时效试验

试验并分析了ＬＣ９合金专用挤压型材淬火并人工时效和淬火并人工过时效状态对其电导率、常规力学性能、抗疲劳性能、抗腐蚀性能的影响。另外,在减少淬变形上也做了一些试验。试验结果表明,ＬＣ９合金在过时效状态下有较好的抗腐蚀性能和抗疲劳性能。淬火变形也大大减小。     

An experimental method to obtain the hard alpha anomaly distribution for titanium alloy aeroengine disks

A probability-based damage tolerance methodology has been proposed to improve the recognition of material anomalies, especially hard alpha (TiN) anomalies for aeroengine rotor disks. A key input to this method is hard alpha anomaly distribution, which reflects the occurrence rate and size of anomalies present in the finished part material of titanium rotors. Since anomalies rarely occur naturally, an experimental method is proposed to obtain the anomaly distribution for titanium alloy aeroengine disks to reflect and equivalently replace the manufacturing development in titanium industry. In general, the anomaly distribution information can be divided into two parts: the Probability of Detection (POD) curve and the detected anomaly distribution, which contains the size and frequency data of the detected anomalies. The distribution can be established based on several appropriate assumptions and derivation steps with different confidence levels of POD curves and detected anomaly distributions. In this case, the distribution can be obtained in a relatively short time as a key input to the probability-based damage tolerance methodology. Then the Probability of Failure (POF) can be calculated, and the value is found to vary with different confidence levels. On this basis, the conservative estimated POF can be obtained in conjunction with confidence levels.     

卫星转动惯量测量方法

介绍了用扭摆,通过倾斜安装测量卫星三个方向转动惯量的一种方法。分析了IYY测量准确度和测量倾斜角大小、IYY/IXX的比值、倾斜角误差之间的关系。当倾斜角度θ〉45°时,IYY能够达到较高的测量准确度。     

人工神经网络在复合材料研究中的应用

人工神经网络技术广泛应用于复杂系统的建模中,已成为材料科学研究中常用的建模方法;介绍了BP神经网络及其建模的重要特征,综述了神经网络在复合材料性能预测、工艺设计与优化、损伤预测与检测等方面的研究情况.     

行星表面陨石坑检测与匹配方法

 针对深空探测器光学导航技术的需要,提出了行星表面陨石坑导航路标的提取与匹配方法。陨石坑是行星表面最显著的地形特征,在光照条件下,陨石坑具有清晰的几何轮廓。结合光照方向,通过陨石坑边缘的检测、边缘配对以及形状参数拟合等处理实现陨石坑的提取。对检测出的陨石坑,基于平面二次曲线的几何不变特性,采用投票策略实现与陨石坑数据库的匹配,并设计陨石坑误匹配及失配的校正策略,从而有效地确定陨石坑在目标天体表面的全局位置。最后通过嫦娥一号获得的目表图像验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

空间机器人研究进展及技术挑战

空间机器人是实现空间操控自动化和智能化的使能手段之一,在无人及载人的空间科学探索活动中至关重要。首先,回顾了国际空间站舱内外机器人、中国空间站机器人、在轨自由飞行空间机器人等几类轨道空间机器人工程应用现状,以及已成功在轨应用月面机器人和火星机器人两类星表机器人系统的应用现状。其次,针对空间机器人后续日益复杂的任务需求,探讨了空间机器人在机构构型、关节驱动、末端操作、感知认知、行走移动、动力学与控制等方面面临的技术挑战。然后,论述了空间机器人在多臂、超冗余、柔性化、可重构、仿生等新型机构构型方面的探索,介绍了空间机器人主动、被动柔顺关节方面的研究进展,论述了空间机器人末端执行器在专用化工具及通用化多指灵巧手两个方向的研究进展,总结了星表机器人在新型移动机构构型、高自主导航方面的研究进展,介绍了空间机器人在多传感器集成融合、力与触觉感知方面的研究进展,论述了空间机器人在多臂协调控制、柔顺控制、漂浮基座抓捕动力学控制等方面的研究进展。最后,展望了空间机器人在空间目标抓捕与移除、高价值飞行器在轨服务与维修、空间大型构件在轨组装及星球科学探测等方面的应用前景。