多维数据表的动素分解,合成和向前推测

多维数据瑗态规律的研究焦点，集中在如何克服其数据规模庞大的困难，并同时保护数据系统一性质。对此，本文提出了多维数据分解与合成理论，在对动素间的协调性，动素合成方式以及动素分解完备性进行论述和理论证明的基础上，给出了多维动态数据表向前推测的工作步骤。该方法将手推测数据系统主要特征的变化规律，来实现对多维数据表的整体预测，这将使多维数气压 表推测过程更为简捷，直观和有效。     

钛合金导管的全位置氩弧焊工艺

某型号导管采用钛合金导管，这些钛合金导管规格多，焊缝及工艺孔堵焊数量多。通过大量工艺试验及实际生产应用，分析出影响焊缝质量的主要因素并采取相应有效的措施，总结出一套高效率的生产工艺，提高了钛合金管路焊接质量和焊接生产效率。同时研制开发出一套生产工艺简便而又十分有效的钛管工艺孔堵焊技术，保障堵焊缝的质量并节约了大量的资金、时间     

紧有限交换半群上概率测度合成收敛序列的一些性质

文中研究定义在紧有限交换半群上的概率测度,同时研究它们的合成收敛序列的性质。所得到的三个主要定理类似于紧群上的结果。因此,文中的结果具有更大的广泛性。     

Early Data from Aura and Continuity from Uars and Toms

Aura, the last of the large EOS observatories, was launched on July~15, 2004. Aura is designed to make comprehensive stratospheric and tropospheric composition measurements from its four instruments, HIRDLS, MLS, OMI and TES. These four instruments work in synergy to provide data on ozone trends, air quality and climate change. The instruments observe in the nadir and limb and provide the best horizontal and vertical resolution ever achieved from space. After over one year in orbit the instruments are nearly operational and providing data to the scientific community. We summarize the mission, instruments, and initial results and give examples of how Aura will provide continuity to earlier chemistry missions.     

Wind in the Solar Corona: Dynamics and Composition

The dynamics of the solar corona as observed during solar minimum with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer, UVCS, on SOHO is discussed. The large quiescent coronal streamers existing during this phase of the solar cycle are very likely composed by sub-streamers, formed by closed loops and separated by open field lines that are channelling a slow plasma that flows close to the heliospheric current sheet. The polar coronal holes, with magnetic topology significantly varying from their core to their edges, emit fast wind in their central region and slow wind close to the streamer boundary. The transition from fast to slow wind then appears to be gradual in the corona, in contrast with the sharp transition between the two wind regimes observed in the heliosphere. It is suggested that speed, abundance and kinetic energy of the wind are modulated by the topology of the coronal magnetic field. Energy deposition occurs both in the slow and fast wind but its effect on the kinetic temperature and expansion rate is different for the slow and fast wind.     

快速离子氮化渗氮层相组成和微观组织形貌研究

渗氮件的性能与渗氮层的化合物相组成和扩散层的微观结构密切相关。本文基于渗氮温度和氮势对渗氮层形成与分解的影响规律，借助X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微技术，对循环氮势快速离子氮化渗氮层相组成和微观组织形貌进行了深入研究，探讨了其快速渗氮的机理。结果表明，与常规离子渗氮工艺相比，通过周期地控制渗氮温度和氮势变化，快速离子渗氮不仅能显著地提高渗氮速度和增加材料的渗氮层深，而且使合金氮化物种类明显增多，扩散层中的沉淀硬化物也更细小弥散，有利于改善渗氮层质量和提高渗氮工件性能。     

Formation and Composition of Planetesimals

The composition of planetesimals depends upon the epoch and the location of their formation in the solar nebula. Meteorites produced in the hot inner nebula contain refractory compounds. Volatiles were present in icy planetesimals and cometesimals produced in the cold outer nebula. However, the mechanism responsible for their trapping is still controversial. We argue for a general scenario valid in all regions of the turbulent nebula where water condensed as a crystalline ice (Hersant et al., 2004). Volatiles were trapped in the form of clathrate hydrates in the continuously cooling nebula. The epoch of clathration of a given species depends upon the temperature and the pressure required for the stability of the clathrate hydrate. The efficiency of the mechanism depends upon the local amount of ice available. This scenario is the only one so far which proposes a quantitative interpretation of the non detection of N₂ in several comets of the Oort cloud (Iro et al., 2003). It may explain the large variation of the CO abundance observed in comets and predicts an Ar/O ratio much less than the upper limit of 0.1 times the solar ratio estimated on C/2001 A2 (Weaver et al., 2002). Under the assumption that the amount of water ice present at 5 AU was higher than the value corresponding to the solar O/H ratio by a factor 2.2 at least, the clathration scenario reproduces the quasi uniform enrichment with respect to solar of the Ar, Kr, Xe, C, N and S elements measured in Jupiter by the Galileo probe. The interpretation of the non-uniform enrichment in C, N and S in Saturn requires that ice was less abundant at 10 AU than at 5 AU so that CO and N₂ were not clathrated in the feeding zone of the planet while CH₄, NH₃ and H₂S were. As a result, the 14N/15N ratio in Saturn should be intermediate between that in Jupiter and the terrestrial ratio. Ar and Kr should be solar while Xe should be enriched by a factor 17. The enrichments in C, N and S in Uranus and Neptune suggest that available ice was able to form clathrates of CH₄, CO and the NH₃ hydrate, but not the clathrate of N₂. The enrichment of oxygen by a factor 440 in Neptune inferred by Lodders and Fegley (1994) from the detection of CO in the troposphere of the planet is higher by at least a factor 2.5 than the lower limit of O/H required for the clathration of CO and CH4 and for the hydration of NH₃. If CO detected by Encrenaz et al. (2004) in Uranus originates from the interior of the planet, the O/H ratio in the envelope must be around of order of 260 times the solar ratio, then also consistent with the trapping of detected volatiles by clathration. It is predicted that Ar and Kr are solar in the two planets while Xe would be enriched by a factor 30 to 70. Observational tests of the validity of the clathration scenario are proposed.     

在DD3单晶上进行FGH95粉末激光多层涂覆:单晶涂层组织形式规律研究

利用高温合金 FGH95粉末在 DD3单晶的不同晶面上进行激光多层涂覆实验 ,深入研究了涂覆层中凝固显微组织的生长规律。研究表明基材的晶体取向和局部凝固条件对涂层中的凝固显微组织有很大的影响。当单晶基材择优晶向与热流方向夹角小于 30°时 ,可以得到从基材上外延生长的单晶 ,涂层内二次臂退化 ,枝晶一次间距为 10～ 2 0 μm;当实验所在的单晶基材的择优晶向与热流的方向夹角大于 30°时 ,涂层中晶体取向偏离基材的取向 ,并出现多晶。即便当实验在同一个择优晶面上进行时 ,局部凝固条件不同 ,涂层内的凝固显微组织也有很大的差别。二次臂退化 ,一次臂间距大约为 10～ 2 0 μm。进一步的研究表明 ,涂层中主要组成相为枝晶干上分布的基体相 γ和沉淀硬化相 γ′以及枝晶间的 γ+γ′花状共晶和少量碳化物 ,γ′相主要为具有良好强化效果的细小立方体 ,尺度约为 0 .1μm     

高能超声辅助原位合成Al-Cr/Al复合材料

采用高能超声辅助铸造法制备Al-Cr金属间化合物/Al原位复合材料.利用扫描电镜观察复合材料中增强体颗粒的大小、形貌和分布,应用XRD、EDS对复合材料进行物相分析,并研究复合材料的硬度.结果表明:通过高能超声辅助铸造法制备的Al-Cr/Al原位复合材料中金属间化合物增强体颗粒呈多边形,尺寸较为细小,分布均匀;原位反应时Al和Cr首先生成Al0.983Cr0.017金属间化合物,随着Cr含量的增加,然后生成高Cr化合物;随着温度的升高,有利于更稳定、性能更好的化合物生成;这些金属间化合物会相互扩散,最终形成均匀的混合增强相,并保持Al,Cr的原子比例不变;复合材料的硬度随Cr含量的增加而增加,随Cr颗粒尺寸的增加而具有最大值,当Cr含量为10％,粒径为75 μm时,复合材料硬度增加了2.5倍.     

喷嘴特性对燃烧室内烟粒浓度和火焰辐射的影响

在一个小模型燃气轮机燃烧室上,试验研究了在燃烧室工作压力为０．５ＭＰａ情况下,简单离心式喷嘴与空气雾化喷嘴、空气雾化喷嘴的不同喷雾锥角等对燃烧室燃烧状况、烟粒浓度和火焰辐射的影响。实验表明：在正常燃烧情况下,简单离心式喷嘴产生较高的烟粒浓度和火焰辐射,并且随着头部油气比增加变得更加明显;而喷雾锥角与头部的良好匹配,则是保证燃烧室正常工作,并使烟粒浓度、火焰辐射降低的重要因素。