铝合金薄板K_c测试新方法的探讨

通过用圆(或椭圆)孔试件测量金属薄板平面应力断裂韧性Kc的方法,与通过用中心穿透裂纹试件Kc的标准方法相比较之后,将Whitney和Nuismer用于复合层压板中的点应力破坏准则,推广到铝合金薄板Kc的测量。 在理论和实验分析的基础上,拟合出与实验结果相一致的经验公式。     

子午面内Alfvén波的传播特征

本文使用由ＷＫＢ近似得到的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波传播的张量表达式,具体计算和讨论了一种太阳子午面内含盔形－电流片磁位形的流场中Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波的传播特征,主要结果是：（１）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波磁场起伏随日心距离的增加而衰减,其中极开区的衰减远快于赤道区,但随着距离的增大,这种纬度关系将迅速变弱,以致在较远空间,磁起伏相差很小,衰减很慢;（２）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波的相对磁场起伏ｂ／Ｂ随着距离的增加而迅速增大,在几个太阳半径之后变化不再明显,达到所谓的＂饱和＂;在大日心距离的盔形电流片附近,Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波将成为重要的磁场组成部分;（３）Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波速度起伏纬度关系较为明显,相对速度起伏。ｕ／Ｕ随着距离增大而衰减,电流片区衰减得较快,但这种纬度差别将变弱．与黄道面内Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波传播特征的具体比较表明,磁场涨落的变化特征与背景场位形存在着十分密切的关系,但速度涨落与背景场没有这种明显关系．     

方板对角拉伸诱导压应力的分析

利用有限元法分析方板在单向和双向对角拉伸条件下诱导压应力的变化规律。计算和实验表明,施加横向拉力,实现双轴向拉伸,能明显减小横向诱导压应力及其分布范围,从而抑制皱曲的发生和发展。     

Variations of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity in the southern hemisphere close to 70°W (South-Atlantic Anomaly and Antarctic zones) in the period 1975–2010

We report the existence of rapid variations in (effective) geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc) between the equatorial and Antarctic zones adjacent to the Andes Mountains, revealed by the variation rate of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (VRc) in the period 1975–2010. Our analysis is based on empirical records and theoretical models of the variations in cosmic rays and on the structure of geomagnetic fields. These have given us a different view of variations in Rc in time and space along the 70°W meridian, where secular variations in the geomagnetic field are strongly influenced by the proximity of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA), one of the most important characteristics of the terrestrial magnetic field that affects our planet, close from the equator to the 50°S parallel and from South America to South Africa. The VRc presents rapid changes in mid-latitudes where SAMA exerts its influence despite the existence of smooth changes in the geomagnetic field. This shows that these changes occur mainly in the spatial configuration, rather than in the temporal evolution of Rc. The analysis was performed using measurements from the Chilean Network of Cosmic Rays and Geomagnetism Observatories, equipped with BF-3 and latest generation He-3 neutron monitors, Fluxgate magnetometers, geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) and Tsyganenko 2001 model (just for completeness).     

Kink-like mode of a double gradient instability in a compressible plasma current sheet

A linear MHD instability of the electric current sheet, characterized by a small normal magnetic field component, varying along the sheet, is investigated. The tangential magnetic field component is modeled by a hyperbolic function, describing Harris-like variations of the field across the sheet. For this problem, which is formulated in a 3D domain, the conventional compressible ideal MHD equations are applied. By assuming Fourier harmonics along the electric current, the linearized 3D equations are reduced to 2D ones. A finite difference numerical scheme is applied to examine the time evolution of small initial perturbations of the plasma parameters. This work is an extended numerical study of the so called “double gradient instability”, – a possible candidate for the explanation of flapping oscillations in the magnetotail current sheet, which has been analyzed previously in the framework of a simplified analytical approach for an incompressible plasma. The dispersion curve is obtained for the kink-like mode of the instability. It is shown that this curve demonstrates a quantitative agreement with the previous analytical result. The development of the instability is investigated also for various enhanced values of the normal magnetic field component. It is found that the characteristic values of the growth rate of the instability shows a linear dependence on the square root of the parameter, which scales uniformly the normal component of the magnetic field in the current sheet.     

航空发动机冰晶结冰研究进展

飞机在高空区域巡航时可能遭遇冰晶气象，导致发动机吸入冰晶颗粒发生结冰故障，欧美等国已将冰晶结冰纳入适航 取证要求，中国也考虑在后续发动机适航取证中增加冰晶结冰考核项目。为了准确掌握国内外冰晶结冰研究现状，通过调研文 献，对比了冰晶结冰与过冷水滴结冰在结冰位置、结冰条件和结冰机理方面的区别，阐述了试验研究和数值仿真方面的重要进展， 其中，试验研究分别介绍了冰晶在静态部件和动态部件内的撞击与结冰过程，数值仿真按照空气流场计算、冰晶运动轨迹和撞击 特性计算及结冰计算的顺序，总结了欧拉法与拉格朗日法的区别、冰晶运动相变与黏附过程及结冰热物理模型，并介绍了冰晶结 冰软件在数值模拟中的广泛应用，提出了目前在冰晶碰撞、结冰热力学模型、结冰探测及风洞试验等方面需要进一步研究的内容， 以期为中国冰晶结冰研究提供参考。     

Plasma sheet oscillations and their relation to substorm development: Cluster and double star TC1 case study

We examined two consecutive plasma sheet oscillation and dipolarization events observed by Cluster in the magnetotail, which are associated with a pseudo-breakup and a small substorm monitored by the IMAGE spacecraft. Energy input from the solar wind and an associated enhancement of the cross-tail current lead to current sheet thinning and plasma sheet oscillations of 3–5 min periods, while the pseudo-breakups occur during the loading phase within a spatially limited area, accompanied by a localized dipolarization observed by DSP TC1 or GOES 12. That is, the so-called “growth phase” is a preferable condition for both pseudo-breakup and plasma sheet oscillations in the near-Earth magnetotail. One of the plasma sheet oscillation events occurs before the pseudo-breakup, whereas the other takes place after pseudo-breakup. Thus there is no causal relationship between the plasma sheet oscillation events and pseudo-breakup. As for the contribution to the subsequent small substorm, the onset of the small substorm took place where the preceding plasma sheet oscillations can reach the region.     

模拟有限长涡片旋转的一种新数值模型

本文把涡格法中的超收敛性推广到自由涡片的演化问题，涡片的演化由ＢｉｒＫ－ｈｏｆｆ－Ｒｏｔｔ方程所控制，该方程具有强烈的非线性，难以用解析法求解。在数值模拟中通常离散涡方法。本研究表明对自由涡片的旋转问题在精确解和离散涡方法结果之间的误差主要来自点涡近似。使用基于超收格式的新数值模型可以显著地提高数值解的精度。     

三角翼前缘脱体涡和尾涡的卷起及其相互作用

本文应用二维非定常比拟和恪子涡(Vortex-in-Cell)方法,数值模拟了三角翼前缘涡层的卷起以及与尾涡的相互作用。由于使用了数千个点涡和较小的空间网格,获得了前缘涡层小涡配对出现的较大的离散涡,模拟了紧卷涡层的不稳定现象。这是以前类似的工作未曾实现的。     

EB-PVD制备γ-TiAl基合金薄板的研究

采用一种新型的制备工艺--电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术,成功制备了尺寸为150mm×100mm×0.4mm的γ-TiAl基合金薄板,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对蒸镀态及热处理态试样的物相组成和断口形貌等进行分析.结果表明,蒸镀态γ-TiAl基合金薄板由γ相、α2相和τ相组成,表面质量良好,内部自然分层,显微组织结构为柱状晶.经1000℃/16h的真空退火处理后,柱状晶转变为等轴晶,τ相消失,α2相含量显著减少,同时有消除分层现象的趋势,材料的断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂转变为沿晶脆性断裂和韧窝韧性断裂的混合断裂方式.