等离子熔射制备功能梯度涂层及其应用进展

介绍了功能梯度材料的概念及其应用前景,分析了几种功能梯度材料制备方法的优缺点,重点介绍等离子熔射制备功能梯度材料的工艺过程和应用进展。     

Compound Ceramic Coatings Grown by Micro-plasma Oxidation on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Compound ceramics coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were prepared by the direct current micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in NaAlO2 solution. The composition and morphology of the coatings were studied with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer technique was used to analyze the solution features of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the process of preparation. The results reveal that Al2TiO5 forms in the coatings at the initial stages of MPO reaction, and its content changes rapidly with the reaction continuing: after 20 min, the ceramics coatings are composed of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and Al2TiO5, but after 40 min, its main composition is of α-Al2O3. The content of Ti in the solution will increase when the MPO time extends, and as will Al in the anode area until, after 30 min, it reaches the maximum and keeps constant from then on. Both substrata of Ti and Al in the electrolyte join the MPO reaction at the initial stage, where the formation of Al2TiO5 happens; but as the MPO reaction prolongs, more and more Al in the electrolyte will take part in the reaction, leading to the appearance of a large amount of Al2O3.     

Cross-Scale Coupling Within Rolled-Up MHD-Scale Vortices and Its Effect on Large Scale Plasma Mixing Across the Magnetospheric Boundary

Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is an MHD-scale instability that grows in a velocity shear layer such as the low-latitude boundary layer of the magnetosphere. KHI is driven unstable when a velocity shear is strong enough to overcome the stabilization effect of magnetic field. When the shear is significantly strong, vortices in the nonlinear stage of KHI is so rolled-up as to situate magnetospheric plasma outward of the magnetosheath plasma and vice versa. The big question is if such highly rolled-up vortices contribute significantly to the plasma transport across the boundary and to the filling of the plasma sheet by cool magnetosheath component, which is observed under northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) condition. Here we review our recent results from two-fluid simulations of MHD-scale KHI with finite electron inertia taken into account. The results indicate that there is coupling between the MHD-scale dynamics and electron-scale dynamics in the rolled-up stage of the vortices. While the details differ depending on the initial magnetic geometry, the general conclusion is that there is significant modification of the MHD-scale vortex flow pattern via coupling to the micro-physics. The kick-back from the parasitic micro-physics enhances highly the potential for large-scale plasma mixing of the parent MHD-scale vortices, which is prohibited by definition in ideal-MHD. We also review our recent 3-D MHD simulation results indicating that KHI vortex can indeed roll-up in the magnetotail-flank situation despite the strong stabilization by the lobe magnetic field. These results encouraged us to search for evidence of rolled-up vortices in the Cluster formation flying observations. As reviewed in this paper, a nice event was found during northward IMF interval. This interval is when the plasma transport via large scale reconnection becomes less efficient. The finding supports the argument that KHI is playing some role in transporting solar wind into the magnetosphere when the normal mode of transport cannot dominate.     

Effects of Superthermal Particles on Waves in Magnetized Space Plasmas

Distributions with excess numbers of superthermal particles are common in space environments. They are well modelled by the isotropic kappa distribution, or, where magnetic effects are important, the kappa-Maxwellian. This paper presents a review of some studies of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves in such plasmas, based on the associated generalized plasma dispersion functions, Z _κ and Z _κM. In particular, the effects of low values of κ are considered, i.e. strongly accelerated distribution functions. Recently the full susceptibility tensor for oblique propagation of electromagnetic waves in a kappa-Maxwellian magnetoplasma has been established and has been applied to the study of whistler waves.     

镁合金等离子体氧化时火花变化规律的研究

研究Magoxid工艺中镁合金等离子体氧化的过程,此过程分为三个阶段:普通阳极氧化、微弧氧化以及弧光氧化.随着氧化的进行,施加的电压不断升高,火花由微弧向弧光过渡.而微弧和弧光开始均主要集中于样品的边缘,然后均匀分布于整个样品表面.与微弧氧化阶段相比,弧光氧化阶段火花的数量明显减少,尺寸增大,并且持续的时间延长.与火花变化过程相对应,氧化膜表面孔数量减少,直径逐渐增大.氧化时间超过10min后,氧化膜表面呈现不明显的多孔结构.     

2Cr13钢的全方位离子注入与离子束增强沉积复合表面强化处理

对 2Cr13不锈钢表面进行了等离子体浸没离子注入(PIII)与离子束增强沉积(IBED)复合强化处理。对强化后的试样进行了俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X光电子能谱(XPS)分析及显微硬度、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能测试。结果表明,处理后的试样表面层中含有强化相TiN和CrN;与基体相比,被处理试样的显微硬度显著增大,最大增幅达80 4%;摩擦系数降至 0 2~0 3,磨痕宽度最大减少了近 4倍;腐蚀电位最大提高了 5倍,腐蚀电流密度减少了 26倍。磨损中粘着现象大大减轻,耐磨耐蚀性能得到了显著改善。     

等离子体气动激励体积力的实验研究

等离子体流动控制作为一种新概念主动流动控制技术,其物理作用依据之一是“动力效应”。体积力作为表征“动力效应”的重要参数,对研究等离子体流动控制的原理具有重要意义。介绍了实验原理及系统的基本组成,对等离子体气动激励体积力进行了实验测量。结果表明：体积力的大小在mN量级;固定激励频率,激励电压增大时,体积力增大,且线性关系非常明显;固定激励电压,体积力受激励频率的影响不大。     

受DBD等离子体控制的低速流动数值模拟方法研究

基于正离子、电子和氧负离子的三组分空气DBD等离子体动力学模型和流体动力学方程,利用有限体积方法处理控制方程空间项,采用双时间步方法模拟非定常过程,对DBD空气等离子体动力学模型方程和流体动力学方程松耦合求解,数值模拟了高压交流电源激励的低速空气等离子体流动过程。仔细研究了一个周期中真实时间步长对模拟DBD等离子体形成过程的影响,给出了等离子体的形成历程以及等离子体对低速翼型边界层流动的影响,结果在定性上是合理的。     

航空等离子体动力学与技术的发展

自20世纪60年代以来,美国、俄罗斯等发达国家开始研究等离子体的性能.近年来,以美国为首的西方国家在航空等离子体动力学与技术的研究取得了突破性的进展,国内相关研究也取得了一些进展和自主创新.本文主要介绍了空军工程大学等离子体动力学重点实验室的等离子体流动控制技术研究成果,主要包括改善飞行器气动性能和推进效能、等离子体冲...