Coastal salinity measurement using a Doppler Radiometer

Coastal salinity is characterised by large and variable salinity contrasts on relatively small scales. Measurements of salinity at a resolution compatible with these coastal regions on a regular basis would provide a rich source of information that could be used for a number of applications that have a fundamental bearing on the world’s lifestyle. Doppler radiometry offers an approach to capture such measurements, as it reduces the number of required antennas needed to form an image, compared with an Interferometer type instrument.     

Astrometric positioning and orbit determination of geostationary satellites

In the project titled “Astrometric Positioning of Geostationary Satellite” (PASAGE), carried out by the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (ROA), optical observation techniques were developed to allow satellites to be located in the geostationary ring with angular accuracies of up to a few tenths of an arcsec. These techniques do not necessarily require the use of large telescopes or especially dark areas, and furthermore, because optical observation is a passive method, they could be directly applicable to the detection and monitoring of passive objects such as space debris in the geostationary ring.     

相对测量在编队卫星自主定轨中的应用

针对编队卫星自主定轨问题进行了研究,设计了一种完全不依赖于地面站和GPS系统的自主导航方案。利用星间测量信息进行卫星编队相对轨道状态的自主确定;并在利用磁强计进行卫星绝对轨道自主确定的基础上,引入星间测量信息提高绝对定轨精度;设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行卫星编队轨道状态估计,数学仿真结果验证了这种导航方案和算法的有效性。     

三星定位／SINS伪距组合导航系统的研究

双星定位系统是中国建立起来的一种区域性全球定位系统（RDSS）。文章分析了双星定位系统存在的不足，提出了在双星定位系统上基于三颗地球同步卫星的三星定位导航系统，接收机可以根据测得的三个伪距以及高度表信息解算用户装置。进一步研究了三星定位系统与SINS进行伪距方式组合的导航系统，仿真结果表明了该组合导航系统可有效地提高定位精度，是一种非常适合于中国国情的惯性/卫星组合导航系统。     

数字卫星概念研究

基于模型的系统工程是卫星工程设计研制的理论基础,构建数字卫星是总体设计单位的重要工作.本文分析了卫星总体设计过程对数字卫星模型精度的要求,按不确定性的大小粒度,给出了点模型、流模型和场模型的定义;提出数字卫星场的模型精度或不确定性是制约卫星功能密度、反映总体设计水平的关键指标.结合数字孪生系统的概念,论述了数字卫星场模...     

基于自适应软切换的多星座组合导航系统研究

多卫星组合导航系统星座结构复杂、卫星数量多,在某些特定场合、特殊时间内需要快速完成星座和卫星的选取和重组.采用一种快速选星算法和自组织网络相结合的策略,并应用于多卫星导航系统建模和多星座软切换领域,既避开了系统对象建模这一难点,同时又充分利用卫星星座间的相互关联性,极大的发掘多卫星系统本身的潜力.仿真结果表明,快速选星算法和自组织组网技术可以增强整个导航系统的抗干扰性和自愈能力,以牺牲较少的定位精度来有效减少导航运算量,提高导航定位的实时性.     

基于广义卡尔曼滤波的伪距组合GPS/INS导航

提出了一种利用广义卡尔曼滤波进行GPS/INS组合导航的技术 ,同时给出了一种最优选星算法。采用间接的反馈校正设置 ,直接利用伪距数据和不受噪声污染的星历数据。利用该方法 ,组合导航精度高 ,在导航过程中若丢失GPS信息 ,短时间内单纯INS的导航精度仍能保持。恢复GPS信号后组合系统继续正常工作。     

电动绳系在低极轨卫星中的应用研究

低极轨卫星具有轨道周期短、对地观测分辨率高等优点,但由于所在轨道大气阻力大,其使用寿命受到较大限制。文章提出采用水平结构电动绳系抵消低极轨卫星大气阻力的方法,通过系绳电流与地球磁场相互作用产生洛仑兹力进行推进,进而在无燃料消耗的情况下实现对低极轨卫星轨道高度的维持。初步分析了该方法在低极轨不同尺寸卫星中的应用潜力,计算了160 、400 和800 km 典型高度低极轨卫星所经历的地球磁场、电离层和高层大气环境相关参数变化,比较了不同条件下电动绳系推力与大气阻力大小随轨道位置的变化。分析结果表明,该方法适用于400 km 轨道高度以上大卫星;在满足一定系绳长度和轨道高度的条件下,电动绳系可以有效延长低极轨卫星的轨道寿命。     

基于LAS码的星群多目标测控技术研究

针对星群多目标同时测控问题,基于星群轨道根数的时延特性和多普勒频移特性分析可得,星群多目标测控的上行链路遥控与测距信号可实现S CDMA（Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access,同步码分多址）,由于星间距离较小,下行链路遥测与测距信号满足QS CDMA（Quasi synchronous code division multiple access,准同步码分多址）.上行链路遥控和测距信号形式设计为PCM BPSK CDMA（Pulse Code Modulation Binary Phase Shift Keying Code Division Multiple Access,脉冲编码调制二进制相移键控码分多址）,上行链路信号采用Gold序列扩频;下行链路遥测和测距信号形式设计为PCM BPSK CDMA,根据总的时延差,提出下行链路采用基于等长脉冲间隔法构造的LAS（Large Area Synchronous,大区域同步）码扩频.结果表明：比特信噪比Eb/N0为10.5 dB时,遥控误码率为1＆#215;10 6;Eb/N0为9.6 dB时,遥测误码率为1×10^5——与达到相同误码性能的Gold序列相比有1 dB改善,因此,LAS码相比于Gold码能够获得更好的误码性能.     

The Geology of Mercury: The View Prior to the MESSENGER Mission

Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior dominated by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth’s Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (∼1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at ∼3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data.