Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

舵机滚珠丝杠在内部热源作用下响应特性

舵机滚珠丝杠在运行过程中由于摩擦作用和电机运行产生的内部热源会导致其结构温度上升和变形,是影响滚珠丝杠副运行精度的因素之一。本文基于有限元理论建立舵机滚珠丝杠副模型,并通过在ANSYS Workbench中插入命令流的方式实现了在滚珠丝杠上施加移动摩擦热载荷,获得了滚珠丝杠副在内部热源作用下的温度、变形和应力响应特性。结果表明:滚珠丝杠轴向热流密度呈双峰趋势,且其高温区域主要集中在螺母行程范围内的中间区域;随着转速的增加,滚珠丝杠各处温度及其波动幅度加大;丝杠最大热应力位于与轴承配合的轴肩最外侧处。     

高温铝合金电磁超声检测回波特性及因素分析

针对高温铝合金在线检测条件下,温度对铝合金电磁超声检测回波特性的影响规律尚不明确、高温检测时缺陷定量/定位补偿困难这一难题,以螺旋线圈电磁超声换能器（EMAT）为例,建立了高温铝合金EMAT检测过程的场路耦合有限元模型;研究了温度对EMAT激励/接收换能效率、EMAT激励/接收电路的功率分配特性、超声传播过程中的扩散/介质衰减特性、回波幅值和超声声速等因素的影响规律;研制了耐高温EMAT探头,对20~500℃高温铝合金试样进行了检测实验,并测定了高温铝合金的超声介质衰减系数和超声声速。在仿真和实验相结合的基础上,分析了高温检测时超声回波幅值变化特性及其影响因素。结果表明：对于铝合金这类非铁磁性金属材料,导致高温时超声回波幅值下降的主要原因是超声介质衰减系数随着温度的升高而增大,其次为高温时EMAT激励/接收电路的功率分配特性的改变。在激励EMAT在试样表面形成的洛伦兹力不变的条件下,其所激励的超声波回波幅值具有随着温度的增加而增加的特点,可以有效减缓超声回波幅值下降的趋势。     

基于隐式温度修正的二维热线风速仪校准方法

热线风速仪主要用于湍流流场测量。热线测量的主要误差来源是由环境温度变化导致的热线校准参数的变化。Brunn提出的传统温度效应修正方法在环境温度变化较大的情况下会带来明显的误差。本文经过理论推导,提出了一种新的基于隐式温度修正的二维热线风速仪校准方法,并开展了热线校准实验研究。结果表明:当环境温度变化在4℃范围内时,本文提出的方法与Brunn方法的测量精度相当;当环境温度变化超过4℃时,本文提出的方法的测量精度远高于Brunn方法。     

基于热电偶反串的温升效率测量不确定度分析

针对轴流压气机气动性能试验中存在的低压比温升效率评估问题,构建了常规测温方法与反串测温方法测量的温升效率不确定度数学分析模型,并采用某单级压气机真实试验数据进行了两种测温方法不确定度的对比分析。结果表明：相比常规测温方法,反串测温方法不仅消除了热电偶冷端环境温度测量引入的不确定度,还大幅降低了进口温度测量引入的不确定度,使温升效率测量不确定度减小幅度在30%以上。     

Latitudinal variation of the topside electron temperature at different levels of solar activity

A database of electron temperature (T_e) measurements comprising of most of the available satellite measurements in the topside ionosphere is used for studying the solar activity variations of the electron temperature T_e at different latitudes, altitudes, local times and seasons. The T_e data are grouped into three levels of solar activity (low, medium, high) at four altitude ranges, for day and night, and for equinox and solstices. We find that in general T_e changes with solar activity are small and comparable in magnitude with seasonal changes but much smaller than the changes with altitude, latitude, and from day to night. In all cases, except at low altitude during daytime, T_e increases with increasing solar activity. But this increase is not linear as assumed in most empirical T_e models but requires at least a parabolic approximation. At 550 km during daytime negative as well as positive correlation is found with solar activity. Our global data base allows to quantify the latitude range and seasonal conditions for which these correlations occur. A negative correlation with solar activity is found in the invdip latitude range from 20 to 55 degrees during equinox and from 20 degrees onward during winter. In the low latitude (20 to −20 degrees invdip) F-region there is almost no change with solar activity during solstice and a positive correlation during equinox. A positive correlation is also observed during summer from 30 degrees onward.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

基于双力源的叠加式多维力传感器校准装置研究CSCD

介绍了一种基于叠加机原理的双力源多维力传感器校准装置的设计与研制,对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析,通过对三分量力传感器的校准实验,证明了校准装置不仅可以对多分量力传感器进行单分量校准,还能方便地实现耦合误差的校准。     

带集中热源的散热器温度场的数值分析

随着大规模集成电路的发展,电子设备的封装体积越来越小,功率却越来越大,这就使电子设备的温度日益增高,而电子设备的可靠性又与温度密切相关,良好的散热是电子设备应用中重要的一环.本文以通用的矩形翅片式散热器来对比带集中热源和带平均热源的散热器的温度差异,提出以嵌入热管的方法来解决带集中热源散热器的散热难题,并运用IcEPEK软件对其可行性进行了验证.