不同初始温度下等离子体对H2/Air混合物燃烧影响

等离子体助燃过程是一个非平衡的,瞬时的,极不均匀的物理化学过程,活性粒子在等离子体助燃计算中是一个关键难题。文章建立H2/Air燃烧的化学动力学模型,计算与分析了在非平衡等离子体条件下,气体放电产生的活性粒子(O,H)和活性基(OH)在不同初始温度下对燃烧过程中参与燃烧的组分以及温度和压力的影响,为航空发动机燃烧室等离子体助燃实验研究和实际应用提供理论依据。数学模型的计算结果表明等离子体助燃可以提高反应效率,缩短延迟时间,增加燃烧温度,火焰传播速率,强烈影响H2/Air混合物燃烧效果。     

A multi-strategy pigeon-inspired optimization approach to active disturbance rejection control parameters tuning for vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV

In this paper, Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC) is utilized in the pitch control of a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) to address the problem of height fluctuation during the transition from hover to level flight. Considering the difficulty of parameter tuning of ADRC as well as the requirement of accuracy and rapidity of the controller, a Multi-Strategy Pigeon-Inspired Optimization(MSPIO) algorithm is employed. Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), Gen...     

运载火箭电动伺服机构前馈自抗扰控制方法的设计

运载火箭伺服机构是火箭的执行机构,在工作过程中不仅要求伺服机构具有较好的阶跃响应和力矩抗扰性能,还要求伺服机构能够较好地跟踪箭载计算机发送的位置随动指令。常规的自抗扰控制(ADRC)建模时,将输入的微分量近似为0,使得输入时变信号时会产生建模误差,该误差无法通过扩张状态观测器(ESO)进行观测并补偿,导致系统的跟踪误差较大。针对常规自抗扰控制对时变信号跟踪误差较大的问题,提出了一种将位置输入微分前馈(PIDF)引入自抗扰控制的前馈自抗扰控制方法。通过理论推导和建模仿真得知,该方法可降低系统对正弦输入信号的跟踪误差并提高系统的动态特性,同时仍具有较强的抗干扰性能。最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Thermodynamical Properties of the ICM from Hydrodynamical Simulations

Modern hydrodynamical simulations offer nowadays a powerful means to trace the evolution of the X-ray properties of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) during the cosmological history of the hierarchical build up of galaxy clusters. In this paper we review the current status of these simulations and how their predictions fare in reproducing the most recent X-ray observations of clusters. After briefly discussing the shortcomings of the self-similar model, based on assuming that gravity only drives the evolution of the ICM, we discuss how the processes of gas cooling and non-gravitational heating are expected to bring model predictions into better agreement with observational data. We then present results from the hydrodynamical simulations, performed by different groups, and how they compare with observational data. As terms of comparison, we use X-ray scaling relations between mass, luminosity, temperature and pressure, as well as the profiles of temperature and entropy. The results of this comparison can be summarised as follows: (a) simulations, which include gas cooling, star formation and supernova feedback, are generally successful in reproducing the X-ray properties of the ICM outside the core regions; (b) simulations generally fail in reproducing the observed “cool core” structure, in that they have serious difficulties in regulating overcooling, thereby producing steep negative central temperature profiles. This discrepancy calls for the need of introducing other physical processes, such as energy feedback from active galactic nuclei, which should compensate the radiative losses of the gas with high density, low entropy and short cooling time, which is observed to reside in the innermost regions of galaxy clusters.     

主动隔振系统中驱动器的有限元分析

用于空间科学实验的主动振动隔离系统采用洛伦兹力驱动的方法, 将被隔振的平台 悬浮于空中. 对电磁驱动部分的动力学分析是各种设计和实验的基础. 提出了一种驱动器的结构, 并对驱动器的永磁部分进行了有限元分析, 包括模型的建立、 静力学分析、模态分析、瞬态分析、谐响应分析和谱分析, 由此验证其力学性能可以 满足设计要求. 为优化结构设计, 减小驱动器尺寸, 降低设计开发成本, 缩短设计开发周期, 提高产品质量奠定了基础.      

Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines

This article presents a review of the state of the art and present status of active aeroelastic rotor control research for wind turbines. Using advanced control concepts to reduce loads on the rotor can offer great reduction to the total cost of wind turbines. With the increasing size of wind turbine blades, the need for more sophisticated load control techniques has induced the interest for locally distributed aerodynamic control systems with build-in intelligence on the blades. Such concepts are often named in popular terms ‘smart structures’ or ‘smart rotor control’. The review covers the full span of the subject, starting from the need for more advanced control systems emerging from the operating conditions of modern wind turbines and current load reduction control capabilities. An overview of available knowledge and up-to date progress in application of active aerodynamic control is provided, starting from concepts, methods and achieved results in aerospace and helicopter research. Moreover, a thorough analysis on different concepts for smart rotor control applications for wind turbines is performed, evaluating available options for aerodynamic control surfaces, actuators (including smart materials), sensors and control techniques. Next, feasibility studies for wind turbine applications, preliminary performance evaluation and novel computational and experimental research approaches are reviewed. The potential of load reduction using smart rotor control concepts is shown and key issues are discussed. Finally, existing knowledge and future requirements on modeling issues of smart wind turbine rotors are discussed. This study provides an overview of smart rotor control for wind turbines, discusses feasibility of future implementation, quantifies key parameters and shows the challenges associated with such an approach.     

Radio-faint BL Lac objects and their impact on the radio/gamma-ray connection

Radio and gamma-ray emissions in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are both related to the presence of relativistic particles in jets. With the advent of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and thanks to its large sensitivity up to several GeV, many observational results are changing our understanding of these phenomena. BL Lac objects, which made up only a fraction of the known extragalactic gamma-ray source population before Fermi, have now become the most abundant class. However, since they are relatively weak radio sources, most of them are poorly known as far as their parsec scale structure and multi-wavelength properties are concerned. For this reason, we have selected a complete sample of 42 low redshift BL Lacs (independently of their gamma-ray properties) to study with a multi-wavelength (radio, optical, X-ray, gamma-ray) approach. Here, we present results and images of sources in the sample (most of which have never been observed before), using new VLBA observations at 8 and 15 GHz. Beyond this sample of BL Lacs, the population of gamma-ray AGNs has also dramatically enlarged in the Fermi era, permitting us to discuss the presence of a correlation between radio and gamma-ray properties with improved statistical significance. We explore the radio-gamma relation with several hundreds sources and using both simultaneous and archival radio data, thus tackling the impact of time variability.     

激光驱动接力移除空间碎片的小卫星星座及可行性研究

在众多空间碎片移除技术中,天基激光烧蚀驱动是一种高效的、有广阔应用前景的移除技术,特别是针对移除海量的、尺寸在1~10 cm的危险碎片而言,更是具有独特优势。然而,这一技术对高能激光器单脉冲能量、光束质量、发射镜口径等要求很高,目前的硬件水平还达不到实用指标要求,制约了其天基应用。为了克服这些硬件技术障碍,本文另辟蹊径,利用小卫星概念,提出了由不同轨道高度小卫星平台组成小卫星星座,通过在每个小卫星平台上的激光驱动接力来逐步降低碎片轨道高度,最终达到移除空间碎片的小卫星接力移除星座的构想。基于现有的激光器性能参数,根据激光烧蚀驱动碎片动力学模型计算了单个卫星平台的移除能力,结果显示,10 J单脉冲能量激光器和0.5 m直径发射镜,能够对20 km范围内、尺寸小于10 cm碎片进行有效驱动。进而,针对空间碎片密集度高而应用最广的800 km轨道高度区域,设计了由分布在不同轨道高度的30颗小卫星组成接力驱动移除星座系统方案,通过仿真模拟计算验证了星座系统的移除碎片的可行性。该研究利用目前热门的小卫星星座,降低了天基激光移除空间碎片技术对硬件的性能要求,为该技术的应用提供了新的思路和途径,所提出的小卫星接力驱动星座系统方案也有工程参考价值。     

An active damping vibration control system for wind tunnel models

In wind tunnels, long cantilever sting support systems with low structural damping encounter flow separation and turbulence during wind tunnel tests, which results in destructive low-frequency and big-amplitude resonance, leading to data quality degradation and test envelope limitation. To ensure planed test envelope and obtain high-quality data, an active damping vibration control system independent of balance signal based on stackable piezoelectric actuators and velocity feedback using accelerometer, is proposed to improve the support stability and wind tunnel testing safety in transonic wind tunnel. Meanwhile, a design of powerful sting-root embedded active damping device is given and an active vibration control method is presented based on the mechanism analysis of aircraft model vibration. Furthermore, a self-adaptive fuzzy Proportion Differentiation(PD) control model is proposed to realize control parameters adjustment automatically for various testing conditions. Besides, verification tests are performed in laboratory and a continuous transonic wind tunnel. Experimental results indicate that the aircraft model does not vibrate obviously from -4° to 11° at Ma = 0.6, the number of useable angle-of-attack has increased by 7° at Ma = 0.6 and 5° at Ma = 0.7 respectively, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests.     

基于自抗扰控制的BTT导弹自动驾驶仪设计

针对具有非线性、时变、强耦合和不确定性的Have Dash II BTT导弹控制系统,基于自抗扰控制理论,设计了一种新的BTT导弹鲁棒控制器。利用输入输出反馈线性化,将导弹控制系统分解成了3个单输入单输出的二阶子系统,输出变量的选取保证了系统是最小相位系统。采用自抗扰设计方法,估计并补偿系统中的不确定因素和三通道之间的耦合,以实现控制目的。仿真结果表明该BTT导弹驾驶仪具有良好的动态特性和强鲁棒性。