Anthropogenic trigger of substorms and energetic particles precipitations

The high-frequency (HF) emission in near-Earth space from various powerful transmitters (radio communications, radars, broadcasting, universal time and navigation stations, etc.) form an integral part of the modern world that it cannot do without. In particular, special-purpose research facilities equipped with powerful HF transmitters are used successfully for plasma experiments and local modification of the ionosphere. In this work, we are using the results of a complex space-ground experiment to show that exposure of the subauroral region to HF emission can not only cause local changes in the ionosphere, but can also trigger processes in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system that result in intensive substorm activity (precipitations of high-energy particles, aurorae, significant variations in the ionospheric parameters and, as a consequence, in radio propagation conditions).     

Effect of surface blowing on aerodynamic characteristics of tubercled straight wing

Recent research proves that wings with leading-edge tubercles have the ability to perform efficiently in post-stall region over the conventional straight wing. Moreover, the conventional straight wing outperforms the tubercled wing at a pre-stall region which is quintessential. Even though tubercled wing offers great performance enhancement, because of the complexity of the flow, the trough region of the tubercled wing is more prone to flow separation. Henceforth, the present paper aims at surface blowing – an active flow control technique over the tubercled wing to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency by positively influencing its lift characteristics without causing any additional drag penalty. Flow parameters like blowing velocity ratios and the location of blowing were chosen to find the optimised configuration keeping the amplitude and frequency of the leading-edge tubercles constant as 0.12 c and 0.25 c respectively. Numerical investigations were carried out over the baseline tubercled wing and tubercled wing with surface blowing at various blowing jet velocity ratios 0.5, 1 and 2 over four different chordwise locations ranging from 0.3 c to 0.8 c.The results confirm that blowing at various x/c with different blowing velocity ratios performs better than the conventional tubercled wing. Comparatively, blowing velocity ratio 2 at 0.3 c shows peak performance of about 28% enhancement in the lift characteristics relative to the baseline model. Particularly, in the pre-stall region, 25–50% increase in aerodynamic efficiency is evident over the tubercled wing with surface blowing compared with the baseline case. Additionally,attempts were made to delineate the physical significance of the flow separation mechanism due to blowing by visualizing the streamline pattern.     

S5 0716+714: GeV variability study

The GeV observations by Fermi-LAT give us the opportunity to characterize the high-energy emission (100 MeV–300 GeV) variability properties of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714. In this study, we performed flux and spectral analysis of more than 3 year long (August 2008 to April 2012) Fermi-LAT data of the source. During this period, the source exhibits two different modes of flux variability with characteristic timescales of ∼75 and ∼140 days, respectively. We also notice that the flux variations are characterized by a weak spectral hardening. The GeV spectrum of the source shows a clear deviation from a simple power law, and is better explained by a broken power law. Similar to other bright Fermi blazars, the break energy does not vary with the source flux during the different activity states. We discuss several possible scenarios to explain the observed spectral break.     

基于广义既约梯度法的航空发动机性能寻优控制

提出了一种基于航空发动机约束物理意义的寻优方法，并将其应用于性能寻优控制之中。该方法根据航空发动机约束的物理特性完全已知的特点，利用起作用集法和既约梯度法将发动机非线性约束寻优问题转化为低维的无约束寻优问题，提高了计算速度。应用该方法对全包线内的工作点，对最大推力、最低油耗、最低涡轮进口温度和加力最大推力等模式进行了寻优，给出了寻优结果。     

氢钟开发技术和展望

由氢脉泽原理对原子频率标准目前的发展进行了分析。对主动和被动氢脉泽限制频率稳定度的基本不稳定因素进行了分析。描述确保主动和被动氢脉泽高短期和长期频率稳定的设计方法。现在,主动氢脉泽指标可达到1.10-13/s和3.5.10-16/d,被动氢脉泽指标可达到4.10-13/s和2.5.10-15/d。还讨论了氢脉泽指标的进一步改善。     

机载固态有源阵指数约束二维可分离的多阶振幅量化

提出了一种用于机载有源相控阵具有指数约束的二维可分离多阶振幅量化低副瓣口径设计技术,它能有效地降低水平面和非主平面的峰值副瓣电平并能减少Ｔ／Ｒ组件的品种数。采用二维可分离的设计思想,在工程应用中可大大地减少到馈网络的品种数。计算机仿真计算结果证明了理论分析。     

基于自抗扰技术的挠性航天器高精度指向控制

针对存在外部干扰和模型不确定性的挠性航天器,提出了一类新颖的基于自抗扰技术的控制方案,实现无姿态角速度反馈的航天器对目标高精度姿态指向控制。对目标相对姿态指向控制系统进行建模,引入一光滑连续秦函数,构造三阶扩张观测器,观测系统姿态角速度和总扰动,并利用其实现动态补偿线性化及扰动抑制。针对单框架控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构常存在的奇异,引入零空间空转指令设计了一类奇异避免操纵律。将控制系统方案用于某挠性航天器模型,仿真结果验证了方案的有效性、合理性。     

基于局部主动轮廓模型的飞机壁板铆接孔定位方法研究

对飞机壁板铆接孔的定位方法进行了研究,提出了一种基于局部主动轮廓模型的铆接孔定位方法。首先通过基于灰度直方图的全局阈值分割和形心法进行铆接孔的粗定位;然后以粗定位坐标为圆心建立遍历圆,并以遍历圆作为限制条件构造能量圆,建立能量方程求解遍历圆内能量最小的像素点为铆接孔的精定位位置;最后进行视觉引导铆接孔定位试验,试验测得定位误差小于0.05mm,满足飞机壁板自动铆接的工艺要求,且比传统的区域主动轮廓模型定位精度高,具有一定的可行性。     

大挠性多体卫星的自抗扰姿态控制系统设计

研究了最近提出的非线性自抗扰控制器 (ADRC)在大挠性多体卫星姿态控制中的应用问题。提出了一种双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器 (ADRAC) ,并从鲁棒性、干扰抑制、动静态性能指标和振动抑制等方面与使用于某挠性卫星的传统PID控制器进行了比较。在考虑了反作用轮和敏感器的实际非线性和敏感器噪声的影响情况下进行了仿真 ,结果表明 ,双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器各方面性能均优于传统的PID。本文提出的自抗扰姿态控制器 ,对实现挠性多体卫星的高精度高稳定度姿态控制 ,具有实际的应用价值     

多功能二阶电流型有源滤波器的设计与分析

分析一个由零极子和ＲＣ元件组成的电路，用有源器件取代零极子对，便使电路同时具有带通、低通和高通滤波功能。