基于扩张状态观测器的高空台进气环境模拟控制技术研究

针对航空发动机高空台推力瞬变等过渡态试验对进气环境模拟控制系统所提出的强抗扰性、强鲁棒性的迫切需求,设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制技术方法。首先分析了现有高空台过渡态环境模拟的技术特点和高品质控制指标难于实现的原因;其次设计线性自抗扰控制器（LADRC）和一体化并行控制器（IPC）;最后通过仿真对高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制方法进行了验证。结果表明,应用基于扩张状态观测器的主动抗扰控制技术能够大幅提高发动机过渡态试验中进气环境模拟的动态响应速度、控制精度和抗扰动能力。     

What are the physical mechanisms of eruptions and CMEs?

CMEs are due to physical phenomena that drive both, eruptions and flares in active regions. Eruptions/CMEs must be driven from initially force-free current-carrying magnetic field. Twisted flux ropes, sigmoids, current lanes and pattern in photospheric current maps show a clear evidence of currents parallel to the magnetic field. Eruptions occur starting from equilibria which have reached some instability threshold. Revisiting several data sets of CME observations we identified different mechanisms leading to this unstable state from a force free field. Boundary motions related to magnetic flux emergence and shearing favor the increase of coronal currents leading to the large flares of November 2003. On the other hand, we demonstrated by numerical simulations that magnetic flux emergence is not a sufficient condition for eruptions. Filament eruptions are interpreted either by a torus instability for an event occurring during the minimum of solar activity either by the diffusion of the magnetic flux reducing the tension of the restraining arcade. We concluded that CME models (tether cutting, break out, loss of equilibrium models) are based on these basic mechanisms for the onset of CMEs.     

韦氏硬度计算公式分析及铝合金标准韦氏硬度块设计

研制数字式铝合金韦氏硬度计,必须依据正确的韦氏硬度计算公式,并采用适合的铝合金韦氏标准硬度块进行校准与标定。本文依据实验结果指出了目前使用的韦氏硬度计算公式和铝合金韦氏标准硬度块存在的差错和缺陷,提出了新的韦氏硬度计算公式,并设计和制造了新的铝合金韦氏标准硬度块。以上成果已经成功应用于数字式铝合金韦氏硬度计的研制。     

太阳10.7 cm射电流量中期预报模型研究(Ⅱ)

太阳活动指数中期预报一直是空间环境业务预报的难点之一.本文在自回归方法模型的基础上,利用太阳活动区面积、位置等参数与10.7cm辐射流量之间的定量关系,根据活动区面积衰减规律,建立了一个基于活动区参数及演化规律的改进型太阳活动指数中期预报模型.通过对预报测试实例分析发现,在日面出现较大活动区导致F_(10.7)迅速增长并超过历史数据峰值的情况,在日面活动区消亡导致指数突然出现平静期的情况,新模型的预报准确性相比自回归模型有很大提高,预报的平均相对误差下降约5%～9%.由此可见,新模型在某些特定条件下提高了原有模型的精度.该研究为提高业务型太阳10.7cm射电流量中期预报模型的预报精度奠定了基础.     

基于可变S盒的随机加密方案

研究了可变随机S盒对分组密码安全性的意义,给出了一种新的使用可变随机S盒的随机化分组密码算法,并在此基础上提出了相应的加密方案:在分组密码算法中,保持算法结构不变,将S盒作为变量,利用可变的S盒来抵御密码分析.随后给出安全性评估,证明该方案提高了分组密码抵抗目前已知攻击的能力.最后从S盒的生成方式与算法结构两方面讨论了改进策略.      

在示波器校准中是否使用有源探头

测试工作的目标是把校准波形忠实地传送到被测示波器的输入端。多年来,人们已经开发了各种传送的方法来克服ＶＳＷＲ和其它的误差来源,其中一些方法较之其它方法更加实用,经济。概括介绍了一系列的实验并通过这些实验,我们对传统的的、比较复杂的使用脉部有源探头的方法和更加实用的同轴电缆的方法用示波器进行校准的情况做了比较。     

Evaluation of a satellite constellation for active debris removal

This paper analyzes an example of a three-dimensional constellation of debris removal satellites and proposes an effective constellation using a delta-V analysis that discusses the advisability of rendezvousing satellites with space debris. Lambert?s Equation was used to establish a means of analysis to construct a constellation of debris removal satellites, which has a limit of delta-V injection by evaluating the amount of space debris that can be rendezvoused by a certain number of removal satellite. Consequently, we determine a constellation of up to 38 removal satellites for debris removal, where the number of space debris rendezvoused by a single removal satellite is not more than 25, removing up to 584 pieces of debris total. Even if we prepare 38 removal satellites in their respective orbits, it is impossible to remove all of the space debris. Although many removal satellites, over 100 for example, can remove most of the space debris, this method is economically disproportionate. However, we can also see the removal satellites are distributed nearly evenly. Accordingly, we propose a practical two-stage strategy. The first stage is to implement emergent debris removal with the 38 removal satellites. When we find a very high probability of collision between a working satellite and space debris, one of the removal satellites in the constellation previously constructed in orbit initiates a maneuver of emergent debris removal. The second stage is a long-term space debris removal strategy to suppress the increase of space debris derived from collisions among the pieces of space debris. The constellation analyzed in this paper, which consists of the first 38 removal satellites, can remove half of the over 1000 dangerous space debris among others, and then the constellation increases the number of the following removal satellites in steps. At any rate, an adequate orbital configuration and constellation form is very important for both space debris removal and economic efficiency. Though the size of constellation of debris removal satellites would be small originally, such a constellation of satellites should be one of the initial constellations of removal satellites to ensure the safety of the future orbital environment.     

基于神经网络的拖靶高度自抗扰控制研究

为了解决建立拖靶数学模型的难点以及高度测量误差的影响,提出了基于神经网络的拖靶高度自抗扰控制方法。自抗扰控制降低了模型的不准确对飞行控制造成的影响。以垂向加速度信号和高度信号作为神经网络的输入信号,得到自抗扰控制器的补偿因子系数,既降低了高度表测量误差的影响,又使得自抗扰控制的补偿因子得到实时更正。仿真表明,该方法使得拖靶的控制性能更加精确,有效抑制了外界的干扰,达到了恒高飞行的目标。     

空间挠性结构的Stewart平台主动基座振动控制

研究基于Stewart平台主动基座的挠性结构振动控制。首先,建立含Stewart平台主动基座的柔性梁刚柔耦合动力学模型;随后,在模态空间上分别针对挠性结构的一阶和二阶模态设计由线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)和PD控制器组成的自抗扰控制器(ADRC);最后,基于独立模态控制(IMSC)中的模态滤波器从物理坐标中提取模态坐标,建立振动主动控制实验系统,基于模态空间的自抗扰控制方法完成挠性结构的前两阶模态振动主动控制实验。研究结果表明,利用Stewart平台作为主动基座,采用自抗扰控制方法实现挠性结构的振动抑制是一种高效的振动主动控制方法,在空间振动主动控制领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

实心转子—电磁轴承系统的损耗分析

当径向电磁轴承中的转子旋转时,转子中将产生涡流。当转子为非叠片结构时,所产生的涡流较大,此涡流将改变电磁轴承气隙回路中的磁场。因此,作用在转子上的磁场力除磁浮力之外,还将作用有切向力,此切向力将产生磁阻尼,引起能量损耗。本文提出了一实心转子—电磁轴承系统的磁场分布模型,给出了相应磁浮力和切向力的计算公式,以实际系统为例,进行了相应计算和损耗分析,并在实际系统上进行了实验。结果表明计算与实验较吻合。