冲压发动机燃烧室内低频燃烧不稳定试验

在高空亚燃冲压发动机研究中,燃烧不稳定是一个突出问题.为解决30km,Ma =4亚燃冲压发动机直连式试验中所出现的低频燃烧不稳定问题,分析了燃烧室的声学特性,得出了燃烧不稳定的主要特征是燃烧放热与一阶纵向声振模态相藕合.采取在燃烧室内增加后向台阶形成凹腔的方法,成功得到了较为稳定的燃烧.     

Generation mechanism of the whistler-mode waves in the plasma sheet prior to magnetic reconnection

The whistler-mode waves and electron temperature anisotropy play a key role prior to and during magnetic reconnection. On August 21, 2002, the Cluster spacecrafts encountered a quasi-collisionless magnetic reconnection event when they crossed the plasma sheet. Prior to the southward turning of magnetospheric magnetic field and high speed ion flow, the whistler-mode waves and positive electron temperature anisotropy are simultaneously observed. Theoretic analysis shows that the electrons with positive temperature anisotropy can excite the whistler-mode waves via cyclotron resonances. Using the data of particles and magnetic field, we estimated the whistler-mode wave growth rate and the ratio of whistler-mode growth rate to wave frequency. They are 0.0016f_ce (Electron cyclotron frequency) and 0.0086f_ce, respectively. Therefore the whistler-mode waves can grow quickly in the current sheet. The combined observations of energetic electron beams and waves show that after the southward turning of magnetic field, energetic electrons in the reconnection process are accelerated by the whistler-mode waves.     

Alfven波在微电离大气中的衰减特性研究

利用简单的偶极子地磁场模型以及大气电子密度和电导率模式, 分析地面产生的磁扰动以Alfven波的模式传播到近地空间区域. 这种地面的磁扰动可能干扰近地空间卫星对空间磁扰动的观测. 通过对地面磁扰动Alfven波模式1000 km高度内的衰减情况进行模拟, 认为在近地空间采用地磁偶极子模型是合理的. 由于衰减随扰动频率的增大而急剧增强, 分析还得到了近地卫星能够探测到地面磁扰动的最大频率. 计算结果表明, Alfven波的衰减主要集中在高度50 km以下, 这个区域内的大气电导率极其微弱, 使Alfven波的传播受到极大衰减. 0.4 Hz以下的Alfven波沿磁力线传播到1000 km高度后衰减结为原来扰动幅度的千分之一, 因此频率在0.4 Hz以下的Alfven波可能会干扰低轨卫星探测磁场脉动.      

双燃式(超燃)冲压发动机中激波与边界层之间相互作用对内部流动的影响

在激波风洞中研究了激波与边界层之间相互作用对双燃式（超燃）冲压发动机进气道和燃烧室冷态内部流场的影响,实验发现在进气道中,激波与边界层之间的相互作用产生了两侧均为超声速流的滑移面。实验结果表明内涵道（亚燃室）中流动状态的变化与激波－边界层之间相互作用密切相关。     

通过矩形喷嘴的非稳定液体射流

绍了关于用矩形喷嘴进行的瞬态液体射流的实验研究结果。流动显示演示了在喷流过程中液体射流的种种不稳定现象。笔者推广了Ryhming的理论模型，计算了喷嘴出口的射流速度，并与实验结果进行了比较。     

双向电脉冲激励压电超声换能器实验研究

本文对双向电脉冲激励压电陶瓷超声换能器进行实验研究。对两种类型的换能器进行了实验,进而利用迭加原理对换能器所产生的脉冲超声波波形进行了讨论。结果证明,双向电脉冲是激励压电超声换能器比较理想的电脉冲波形,可以得到幅值大、脉冲持续时间短的超声波,有广泛的应用前景。     

The response of sporadic E-layer to the total solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 over the equatorial ionization anomaly region of the Indian zone

The digital ionosonde located in Bhopal (23.2°N, 77.2°E), India has been used to investigate the responses of the Es layer in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest to the total solar eclipse (TSE) of July 22, 2009. Results show the presence of intense Es layer during and after the eclipse period. The gravity waves induced by the solar eclipse propagated upward in the Es layer and produced the periodic disturbance. The results of the wavelet analysis display the presence of dominant oscillation of about 24–32, 16–20 and 8 min. The appearance of intense sporadic-E concomitantly with the signatures of gravity wave suggests that the wind shear introduced by the solar eclipse induced gravity wave might be the plausible mechanism behind the intensification of Es-layer ionization.     

Wave emissions at half electron gyroharmonics in the equatorial plasmasphere region: CLUSTER observations and statistics

Intense (n + 1/2) f_ce emissions are a common phenomenon observed in the terrestrial inner magnetosphere. One of their interests is their possible effect in the pitch angle scattering of plasmasheet keV-electron, leading to diffuse auroras. In this paper, we present CLUSTER’s point of view about this topic, in the equatorial region of the plasmasphere, via a statistical study using 3 years of data. Spectral characteristics of these waves, which represent an important clue concerning their generation mechanism, are obtained using WHISPER data near perigee. Details on the wave spectral signature are shown in an event study, in particular their splitting in fine frequency bands. The orbit configuration of the four spacecraft offers a complete sampling on all MLT sectors. A higher occurrence rate of the emissions in the dawn sector and their confinement to the geomagnetic equator, pointed out in previous studies, are confirmed and described with additional details. The proximity of emission sites, both to the plasmapause layer and to the geomagnetic equator surface, seems to be of great importance in the behaviour of the (n + 1/2) f_ce wave characteristics. Our study indicates for the first time, that both the intensity of (n + 1/2) f_ce emissions, and the number of harmonic bands they cover, are increasing as the observation point is located further away outside from the plasmapause layer. Moreover, a study of the wave intensity in the first harmonic band (near 3/2 f_ce) shows higher amplitude for these emissions than previous published values, these emissions can play a role in the scattering of hot electrons. Finally, geomagnetic activity influence, studied via time series of the D_st index preceding observations, indicates that (n + 1/2) f_ce emission events are observed at CLUSTER position under moderate geomagnetic activity conditions, no specific D_st time variation being required.     

Various methods of calibration of the STEREO/WAVES antennas

On October 25th, 2006, NASA’s two STEREO spacecraft were launched which are designed to increase our knowledge of the physics of the solar system. On board they carry a sophisticated radio experiment, called S/WAVES. The key technology, used by S/WAVES is the direction finding capability in addition to the use of two spacecraft which makes it possible to triangulate radio sources. Direction finding requires the reception properties of the antennas to be known very accurately. We applied several different methods to calibrate the S/WAVES antennas. In this paper the methods are described and compared and the results are presented and discussed with respect to advantages and disadvantages of the different methods.     

纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯在双基推进剂中的应用

纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯NGEC是一种改性硝化棉,以NGEC为粘合剂代替NC,采用传统的无溶剂法制备了NGEC基改性双基推进剂。研究了以NGEC为粘合剂的改性双基推进剂的力学、燃烧和弹道性能及燃烧波结构。结果表明,NGEC具有较好的热塑性,NGEC基改性双基推进剂加工性能优良,其低温-40℃延伸率可达相同配方NC基改性双基推进剂的1.5倍以上,其推进剂弹道性能稳定,燃烧性能和燃烧波结构与NC基推进剂相似。因此,NGEC作为含能粘合剂代替NC,可用于改善改性双基推进剂性能的研究。