Polarization pattern of low and mid-frequency magnetic pulsations in the polar cap: A comprehensive analysis at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica)

The polarization pattern of ULF pulsations (f ≈ 1–100 mHz) at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica, CGM λ ∼ 80°) has been determined for the entire 2003, soon after the solar maximum. A comparison with the results of previous investigations, conducted at the same station close to the solar minimum (1994–96), allows to focus common elements and major differences among different frequency bands which persist through the entire solar cycle. Basically, between f ∼ 1.5 and 5 mHz, the day can be divided into four sectors with alternate polarizations. The local time and latitudinal dependence of the observed pattern can be tentatively interpreted in terms of a latitude of resonant field lines reaching λ ∼ 80° in the noon sector; on the other hand, resonance effects of lower latitude field lines can be clearly identified also far from the noon meridian when the station moves into the deep polar cap. Moreover, in the morning sector the resonance region would extend to lower latitudes than in the evening sector. The proposed profile of the resonant region can interpret also the results obtained at other cusp/auroral stations and appears consistent with that one inferred in the northern hemisphere at smaller latitudes. The resonance region progressively shifts toward lower latitude with increasing frequency; correspondingly, the four-sector pattern progressively disappears at TNB. Above f ∼ 20 mHz, the experimental observations might suggest an additional contribution from Sunward propagating waves, possibly via the magnetotail lobes.     

Ionospheric oscillations caused by geomagnetic Pi2 pulsations and their observations by multipoint continuous Doppler sounding; first results

In 2004, we started operating a continuous Doppler sounding system to investigate ionospheric signatures of infrasonic, short period acoustic gravity waves and geomagnetic pulsations. Since January 2007, four stable 3.59 MHz transmitters have been in operation in the western part of the Czech Republic. Multipoint measurements enable us to investigate horizontal propagation of waves and disturbances in the ionosphere and to estimate horizontal distances over which these waves (disturbances) are correlated.     

顶部间隙对超声速膨胀器流动特性的影响

隔板与机匣之间留有间隙,间隙的存在势必会对超声速膨胀器的内部流场和总体性能产生影响,为了获得超声速膨胀器内部间隙流动的流动细节,采用三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,就顶部间隙对超声速膨胀器流动特性的影响进行了数值研究。结果表明:膨胀流道出口斜激波导致吸力面压力高于压力面,隔板尾缘附近部分泄漏流体经间隙流回压力面侧;间隙的存在导致吸力面进口及中、后部近下端壁压力上升,而压力面前缘附近压力下降,对比同一隔板位置,间隙高度每增加1%喉部高度,超声速膨胀器隔板载荷系数最高下降2.6%;端壁损失和斜激波损失降低,但产生了泄漏损失,三维流道内总的流动损失增加,膨胀器效率降低,本文研究范围内效率最多下降8.8%;马蹄涡、泄漏涡及二者之间的相互作用是顶部区域的主要涡系结构;前缘附近气流经间隙流到吸力面侧和尾缘附近泄漏流体越过间隙重新流回压力面侧是间隙内气流的主要运动形式。     

Acoustic measurements of models of military style supersonic nozzle jets

Modern military aircraft jet engines are designed with variable-geometry nozzles to provide optimal thrust in different operating conditions, depending on the flight envelope. How- ever, acoustic measurements for such nozzles are scarce, due to the cost involved in making full- scale measurements and the lack of details about the exact geometries of these nozzles. Thus the present effort at Pennsylvania State University （PSU） in partnership with GE Aviation and the NASA Glenn Research Center is aiming to study and characterize the acoustic field produced by supersonic jets issuing from converging-diverging military style nozzles, and to identify and test promising noise reduction techniques. An equally important objective is to develop methodology for using data obtained from small- and moderate-scale experiments to reliably predict the full-scale engine noise. The experimental results presented show reasonable agreement between small-scale and medium-scale jets, as well as between heated jets and heat-simulated ones.     

近壁区Reynolds应力输运方程的理论模型

在湍流边界层的近壁区,采用对称共振三波的理论模型描述相干结构,根据理论模型对Reynolds应力输运方程逐项进行计算和分析,结果与直接数值模拟符合很好.这不仅在理论上有益于对湍流物理机制的了解,而且展现了一种可能性,即根据相干结构的理论知识来改造湍流模型,使之具有更清晰的物理内涵以提高近壁区的预估精度.     

Equilibration Processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) is thought to contribute about 40–50% to the baryonic budget at the present evolution stage of the universe. The observed large scale structure is likely to be due to gravitational growth of density fluctuations in the post-inflation era. The evolving cosmic web is governed by non-linear gravitational growth of the initially weak density fluctuations in the dark energy dominated cosmology. Non-linear structure formation, accretion and merging processes, star forming and AGN activity produce gas shocks in the WHIM. Shock waves are converting a fraction of the gravitation power to thermal and non-thermal emission of baryonic/leptonic matter. They provide the most likely way to power the luminous matter in the WHIM. The plasma shocks in the WHIM are expected to be collisionless. Collisionless shocks produce a highly non-equilibrium state with anisotropic temperatures and a large differences in ion and electron temperatures. We discuss the ion and electron heating by the collisionless shocks and then review the plasma processes responsible for the Coulomb equilibration and collisional ionisation equilibrium of oxygen ions in the WHIM. MHD-turbulence produced by the strong collisionless shocks could provide a sizeable non-thermal contribution to the observed Doppler parameter of the UV line spectra of the WHIM.     

碳纤维复合材料贮箱内压和低温承载行为研究

碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料具有轻质高强的优异特性,是液氢液氧燃料贮箱的理想材料。然而液氢液氧燃料贮箱在服役时要承受极低温度载荷,复合材料贮箱箱体的低温结构可靠性尚未可知。开展了碳纤维/环氧复合材料缠绕贮箱结构在温度和内压载荷下的变形及损伤研究,分别进行了常温/低温抗渗漏测试,结合应变测量、声发射监测、氦质谱检漏等方法分别研究了内压以及低温工况对复合材料贮箱的应变分布及损伤泄漏状态影响机制。研究结果表明,封头与圆筒区域交界处易产生应变集中,低温载荷导致复合材料局部小幅度基体损伤及纤维/基体界面脱粘,但并未影响贮箱箱体承压性能和气密性。本研究可为未来大型航天器减质设计提供参考。     

层状固体结构表面性质的非线性兰姆波定征方法

提出用非线性兰姆波方法定征层状固体结构的表面性质,分析了层状固体结构表面性质变化对兰姆波二次谐波发生效应产生的影响。基于Ritec-SNAP系统建立了非线性兰姆波实验系统,当表面的覆层面积和覆层厚度发生变化时,在兰姆波具有强烈非线性效应的条件下,测量了兰姆波的基波及二次谐波的幅频曲线,结果显示表面性质的微小变化将显著地影响到兰姆波的二次谐波发生效率。借鉴声-超声技术中的应力波因子方法,定义了兰姆波应力波因子,实验结果表明,利用兰姆波二次谐波的应力波因子可对层状固体结构表面性质的变化情况进行准确定征。     

等离子体气动激励控制激波的实验研究

在机械式和气动式激波控制方法的基础上,提出了激波控制的等离子体气动激励方法。采用电弧放电等离子体气动激励方式,设计了电弧放电等离子体气动激励器,在小型暂冲式超声速风洞中开展了等离子体气动激励控制尖劈斜激波的实验研究。结果表明,等离子体气动激励能够有效控制激波。实验研究了磁场对激波控制效果的影响,结果表明施加磁场使得激波控制效果显著增强。从热效应机理角度出发,建立了等离子体气动激励控制激波的热阻塞模型,采用该理论模型预测的激波变化规律与实验结果一致,从而验证了热阻塞模型的合理性。由于等离子体气动激励方法具有响应迅速、控制灵活等优点,因此将成为激波控制领域一条新的有价值的技术途径。