带扩压叶片的蜗壳流场计算与分析

利用CFD技术,分析了某氧化剂泵蜗壳的截面形状、截面面积变化规律,以及扩压叶片和隔舌相对位置对水力损失的影响。流场计算结果表明,选取合适的截面面积变化规律可以使水力损失显著减小,提高水力性能;扩压叶片与隔舌相对位置对扩散段流场的分布有影响,适当调整可以减小水力损失。     

线对空间回转轴线的平行度测量方法的研究

提出一种线对空间回转轴线平行度的测量方法,并进行误差分析。     

The Origin of Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field

Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude, however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10⁻⁴ times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058, 2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation.     

直升机附件舱温度场的数值模拟

为考查某型直升机附件舱的热控制能力,采用有限元软件分析了其在强制冷却和自然冷却情况下的温度场分布.应用非结构化网格和有限体积法进行计算区域和控制方程的离散,采用标准k-ε模型封闭湍流控制方程.针对3种冷却系统设计方案,分析了不同冷却气流进口尺寸、相对位置以及不同附件散热量对附件舱温度分布的影响,计算了自然冷却情况下附件舱密闭时的温度场.计算和试验结果均表明,所采用的冷却方案可以满足附件舱冷却的需要.      

纳米校准与测试——基于纳米测量机的试验性研究

主要介绍了基于纳米测量机的高阶梯差台阶标准样板和深沟槽深度标准样板计量测试和校准工作研究,包括在NMM上对两种标准样板进行计量测试和校准、在NMM上安装不同的探测传感器时纳米级深度标准样板和台阶高度样板的校准比较、以及在研航空基金项目"在NMM上实现小型非球面的坐标扫描轮廓测量方法".     

振动能量流的测量不确定度评定

介绍了管壁振动能量流的测试方法和不确定度来源,并进行了详细的分析和评定.     

基于模拟退火算法与响应面模型的三维气动优化设计方法

提出了一套适用于高耗时三维气动设计问题的优化设计体系.其主要思想是采用改进拉丁超立方体试验设计选取样本点,应用自行开发的三维粘性流场求解程序进行流场计算建立数据库,采用二次响应面方法建立近似模型,再应用高效模拟退火算法进行全局寻优.以NASA rotor57为对象,在详细进行流场计算基础上采用所提出的优化体系对其进行了三维积叠优化设计.在对流量、效率加以严格约束的条件下,总压比可提高1.8%,对流场结构进行了分析.优化结果表明本优化方法省时,适于三维气动设计的特点.     

工件淬火过程表面综合换热系数的测算

表面换热系数是温度场计算中一个重要参数,它的取值将直接影响到温度场计算的精度。为了得到表面换热系数与温度变化的关系,采用非线性估算法,编制计算程序,基于工件淬火过程的实测温度值,对工件在不同淬火介质中冷却过程的表面换热系数值随温度的变化进行了测算,得出了换热系数在冷却过程不同阶段的变化规律。     

电子散斑测振技术在航空发动机上的应用

介绍了电子散斑测振技术的发展,侧重阐述了基于该技术的时间平均法测振的原理;重点介绍了该技术在航空发动机零部件振动测量、复合材料结构和蜂窝夹层结构的无损检测中的应用.     

测量兆欧表中值电压和开路电压的一种方法

提出了一种仅用一台通用高阻标准器和台式数字多用表来完成兆欧表中值电压和开路电压的计量方法。通过调节高阻标准器的阻值以及改变和数字多用表的连接方式,组合出所需的测量电路。实验结果表明,该方法实用性强,操作方便,灵活度高,减低了成本,提高了设备的使用率。