基于遗传算法的涡扇发动机多变量加速寻优控制

研究了变几何涡扇发动机不等式约束下的遗传算法最优加速控制规律，在全飞行包线内进行了仿真计算。通过分析多变量变几何涡扇发动机加速过程的特点和性能要求，用离散化加速模型结合遗传算法，使得加速过程最优。仿真计算表明该控制律可以保证变几何涡扇发动机在全飞行包线内稳定工作，且加速时间最短。     

高频振荡器噪声分析

 本文将高频振荡器视为具有深度正反馈噪声放大器。对它分析,给出正弦波信号的谱、等效带宽及相位噪声谱;同时还提出诸如高频振荡器内部产生的随机游走噪声形成机理等新看法。     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

Fe/O Ratios in Interplanetary Shock Accelerated Particles

It is widely accepted that diffusive shock acceleration is an important process in the heliosphere, in particular in producing the energetic particles associated with interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. In its simplest formulation shock acceleration is expected to accelerate ions with higher mass to charge ratios less efficiently than those with lower mass to charge. Thus it is anticipated that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ion populations will decrease with increasing energy above some energy. We examine the circumstances of five interplanetary shocks that have been reported to have associated populations in which Fe/O increases with increasing energy. In each event, the situation is complex, with particle contributions from other sources in addition to the shock. Furthermore, we show that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ions can decrease even when the shock is traveling through an Fe-rich ambient ion population. Thus, although shock acceleration of an Fe-rich suprathermal population has been proposed to explain large Fe-rich solar particle events, we find no support for this proposal in these observations.     

利用定子槽口宽度削弱永磁电机电磁噪声研究

着重研究了永磁电机定子槽口宽度对电磁噪声的影响。通过电磁力解析计算得出电磁力与定子槽口宽度的计算关系。利用Ansoft软件对1台电动汽车用永磁电机进行电磁场计算,求解改变定子槽口宽度对电磁力波的影响,并用ANSYS软件对该永磁电机进行不同定子槽口宽度的2D声场计算。进行了试验验证,仿真计算与试验结果基本一致,可为该类电机削弱噪声设计计算提供参考。     

风扇前传噪声及声衬特性研究

为了探究航空发动机的风扇噪声,通过试验研究了缩尺风扇前传噪声在不同转速工况下的频谱特性和周向模态特性,并对所设计的环形声衬降噪效果进行了验证。研究结果表明,基于试验测量数据分析得到的频谱特性和周向模态特性满足转静干涉噪声理论。随着转速的提高,风扇纯音噪声越显著,高转速工况下纯音噪声的能量约占风扇前传噪声的85%。在所研究的工况范围内,该声衬对目标频率及模态均有显著的降噪效果,且在85%转速工况时的纯音降噪效果最优,其主模态的传声损失约为59dB。该声衬对于设计频率附近的宽频噪声也有一定降噪效果,在85%转速时的宽频噪声平均传递损失约为3dB。     

扑翼飞行器具有弹性阻尼扑动机构的能耗对比分析与研究

以"Sparrow"微小仿生扑翼飞行器（FWMAV）为基础,提出了3种带弹性元件的扑动机构构型。对原构型和3种弹性构型进行的理论研究及仿真试验发现,安装有弹性元件的仿生扑翼机构不仅可以在很大程度上减小电机输入的峰值转矩,而且能凭借减小峰值转矩的最优构型提高能量利用率。同时,原模型在翅翼下扑阶段所产生的冲击力大而上扑阶段所产生的冲击力小,电机因负载不均在快速运转时易受冲击。引入弹性元件后,可有效减小电机所受到的冲击力,降低机体材料的冲击及疲劳损伤,延长其使用寿命;对峰值力的优化还可以降低噪声,减小飞行时被发现的几率,提高其在战场环境中的生存率。这将为扑翼飞行器由理论向工程应用过渡提供基础。     

空冷电机气动噪声的分析与验证

介绍了空冷电机气动噪声的来源、测量方法以及工程上常用的气动噪声控制措施。以某空冷电机为例,采用CFD方法对外风路的稳态流场、瞬态流场以及声场进行了数值分析,将计算结果通过试验进行验证。这对自通风型空冷电机的气动噪声分析具有一定的参考意义。     

高阶谐波控制对旋翼桨-涡干扰载荷和噪声的影响

直升机小速度平飞和斜下降飞行时会产生严重的桨-涡干扰(BVI)噪声。基于修正Beddoes尾迹/桨叶动力学耦合方法和Farassat 1A公式,建立了一个新的能够计入高阶谐波控制(HHC)影响的旋翼桨-涡干扰气动载荷和噪声计算模型。在该模型中,高阶谐波控制引起的桨尖涡附加位移通过对高阶入流进行时间积分推导得出,而单一阶次的谐波输入引起的各阶谐波响应通过传递函数来确定,传递函数则由桨叶的动力学特性计算。首先对HARTⅡ旋翼斜下降飞行状态的桨-涡干扰气动载荷进行了计算模拟,验证了所建立方法的可靠性。然后,着重研究了在典型的三阶谐波桨根激励下,不同输入相位对HARTⅡ旋翼桨-涡干扰气动载荷和噪声特性的影响。结果表明:桨叶的动力学特性尤其是扭转特性对高阶谐波控制效果影响显著,且高阶谐波输入的相位选择对桨-涡干扰噪声的控制至关重要,若控制相位选择不当,反而会增大旋翼噪声。     

弹性空腔流致噪声/结构振动特性试验

高速空腔中经常存在高强度且多频率分量的流致噪声,空腔噪声与结构振动之间耦合效应严重,甚至可能发生结构共振。为此,在0.6m×0.6m高速风洞中,通过调整空腔底板厚度,改变其结构固有频率,模拟空腔流致噪声/振动相互作用。利用脉动压力和振动加速度测试技术,获取亚跨声速条件下,弹性空腔流致噪声特性及其结构振动响应特性。马赫数变化范围为0.6~1.2。结果表明,当振动强度较弱时,结构振动对空腔噪声影响较小,而空腔噪声对结构振动影响较大,在噪声载荷主频位置,振动谱出现峰值并且噪声/振动相关性达到最强;此外,空腔结构振动还与其固有频率特性密切相关,振动主要以低阶模态为主。