Radiation measured during ISS-Expedition 13 with different dosimeters

Radiation in low Earth orbit (LEO) is mainly composed of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar energetic particles and particles in SAA (South Atlantic Anomaly). The biological impact of space radiation to astronauts depends strongly on the particles’ linear energy transfer (LET) and is dominated by high LET radiation. It is important to measure the LET spectrum for the space radiation field and to investigate the influence of radiation on astronauts. At present, the preferred active dosimeters sensitive to all LET are the tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and the silicon detectors in various configurations; the preferred passive dosimeters are CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) sensitive to high LET and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) as well as optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) sensitive to low LET. The TEPC, CR-39 PNTDs, TLDs and OSLDs were used to investigate the radiation field for the ISS mission Expedition 13 (ISS-12S) in LEO. LET spectra and radiation quantities (fluence, absorbed dose, dose equivalent and quality factor) were measured for the space mission with different dosimeters. This paper introduces the role of high LET radiation in radiobiology, the operational principles for the different dosimeters, the LET spectrum method using CR-39 detectors, the method to combine the results measured with TLDs/OSLDs and CR-39 PNTDs, and presents the LET spectra and the radiation quantities measured and combined.     

SIMPLIFYING AND CONDENSING A SET OF RANDOM SPECTRA FOR TRANSPORT

ＳＩＭＰＬＩＦＹＩＮＧＡＮＤＣＯＮＤＥＮＳＩＮＧＡＳＥＴＯＦＲＡＮＤＯＭＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＦＯＲＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＺｈａｎｇＢａｏｆａ；ＦｕＸｉａｎｇｊｉｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ，ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＵ...     

Supertyphoon Hagibis action in the ionosphere on 6–13 October 2019: Results from multi-frequency multiple path sounding at oblique incidence

The purpose of the present paper is to describe the observations of the variations in the parameters of HF radio waves propagating through the ionosphere when the action of the super typhoon Hagibis on 6–13 October 2019 occurred. The observations have been made with the Harbin Engineering University (the People's Republic of China) multi-frequency multiple path radio system involving the software-defined technology. The action of the super typhoon has been shown to be accompanied by enhanced atmospheric wave activity acting to generate wave processes with periods of 10 to 120 min. Coupling in the atmosphere–upper-atmosphere–ionosphere system has been confirmed to be carried out with atmospheric gravity waves. The ionosphere underwent the greatest impact on those days when the supertyphoon had maximum energy, on 8, 10, and especially 9 October 2019, and when it was found to be in an ～2,500–3,000-km distance range from the propagation path midpoints. Under the action of wave processes, the height of the reflection region was observed to oscillate within the ±(30–90 km) limits. The amplitude of the quasi-periodic variations in the ionospheric F-region electron density was estimated to be 10–12% for periods of ～20 min, and 30–60% for periods of ～60–120 min. The joint action of the dusk terminator and the supertyphoon has been confirmed to enhance wave activity in the ionosphere. Similar effects for the dawn terminator have not been detected.     

夏季极区中层大气运动功率谱分析

本文分析了１９８７年６月２３日至２９日ＭＡＣ／ＳＩＮＥ国际联合观测期间ＳＯＵＳＹＶＨＦ雷达在Ａｎｄφｙａ探测中层大气风场起伏的功率谱．结果显示，垂直速度谱与重力波谱理论有较大差异．引入背景风场Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ漂移并不能完全解释垂直运动谱与重力波谱理论的偏差，背景风场的影响明显小于理论预测的结果，说明大气运动功率谱成分中除了重力波外可能还有其它因素．     

Absorption-line spectra of quasars

Absorption spectra of the quasar OH 471 (z_e=3.40) and OQ 172 (z_e=3.53) were observed with 2-Å resolution using the Image-Photon Counting System on the 6-m telescope of the USSR Academy of Sciences. An analysis of these spectra provides an information about the absorbing material existed at earlier cosmological epochs.     

北京上空高分辨率气球探空观测的温度垂直波数谱

使用分辨率为10 m的温度剖面检查2.90～8.01 km和14.65～19.76 km高度范围内归一化温度扰动谱的谱特性,并且将它们与模式谱比较.结果表明,在波数9.8×10-4～2.5×10-2m-1范围内,对流层的垂直波数谱有约-1.9的平均谱斜率;低平流层的垂直波数谱有约-2.2的平均谱斜率.这两个平均谱斜率大大偏离了目前饱和谱模式和普适大气谱模式表示的-3.0和-2.4谱斜率,并且认为是目前气球测量中曾经观测到的最平谱斜率.在波数9.8×10-4～2.5×10-2m-1范围内,对流层和低平流层的平均谱振幅比饱和谱模式的谱振幅分别大24倍和5倍,这也与饱和谱模式以及目前文献中的观测结果有很大不同.这些较大平均谱振幅与最平的平均谱斜率一道共同表明,观测的温度谱并不遵循目前的饱和谱模式和普适大气谱模式.     

边界层风洞主动模拟装置的研制及实验研究

研制可控振动尖劈在风洞中模拟湍流边界层,寻找一种简易可行的运动控制结构和方法,试验结果证明了尖劈的低频机械振动增强了相应频率的湍流能量,增大了湍流积分长度.     

碰撞等离子体的宽频带电磁波吸收特性

针对具有金属反射面的非均匀等离子体对电磁波的反射、吸收问题,采用求解波动方程的方法构造相应的边界条件,详细研究各种参数等离子体对电磁波的吸收特性,讨论对等离子体参数及波动方程进行归一化的方法,得到归一化条件下的等离子体宽频带吸收特性。计算分析表明,对于电子密度为某种渐进分布的有碰撞的低温等离子体,当碰撞频率与最大电子密度处的等离子体频率相近或略大,且等离子体层的厚度足够大时,在一个较宽的频带内,等离子体对电磁波有较强的吸收作用。研究结论可以用于等离子体参数的选择,及等离子体隐身的参数设计。     

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定飞行员头发中Ca,Mg,Cu,Pb,Fe,Zn微量元素(I)

】人发样品是生物类有机样品．用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人发中Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ元素时,采用硝酸：高氯酸＝４：１消解体系,电热板加热常压消解大约２小时,样品呈湿盐态．以去离子水稀释定容,测定溶液为无色、透明,分别上机测定以上各元素．本测定方法技术关键在于消解温度不得超过２５０℃,消解完全后要赶尽高氯酸．测定Ｃａ、Ｍｇ时,用０．１％ＳｒＣｌ２水溶液定容,以消除共存物的干扰．对各元素的仪器测定条件要仔细优选,确定最佳工作状态,做吸光度—浓度曲线,确定人发样品中各微量元素的含量．定期测定飞行员头发中微量元素含量的变化,可以对飞行员生理与心理状态的早期变化做出予警,及时防治,以保障飞行员的健康．     

网格湍流CAARC模型风洞实验

对大气湍流边界层的真实模拟是风工程风洞模拟实验所要满足的基本条件之一，平均速度剖面，湍流度剖面，积分尺度和风谱是反映大气湍流边界层流动的四个最基本的因素。本文首先研究了不同孔隙率的均匀网格湍流场的流动特性，得到湍流度，积分尺度以及风谱的变化规律，然后在变化基中某一个因素而保持另外三个因素不变的条件下，研究了处于均匀网格湍流场中的CAARC模型风荷载响应的变化，从而确定每个因素的独立变化对模型所受风荷的影响。实验结果表明湍流度和积分尺度对结构物所受风载都有很重要的影响，在风洞大气湍流边界层模拟中应该予以充分的考虑，否则将会引起风荷载实验结果的偏差。