遄达发动机及其第五阶段燃烧室

罗·罗公司的第五阶段燃烧室是一种先进的航空发动机燃烧室,代表了该公司燃烧室工程技术发展的成就.本文对第五阶段燃烧室原理作一概括性介绍,并就该燃烧室与遄达系列发动机之间的关系进行分析.供相关人士参考.     

Pc5 Oscillation Analysis by the Satellite and Ground-Based Data

Large amplitude Pc5 event was observed in the space and on ground on August 3, 2001, about three hours after contact of the strong discontinuity in the solar wind with the magnetosphere according to data from ACE and Wind satellites. The Pc5 amplitude was as high as 15 nT in the tail of magnetosphere and about 5 nT at the ground based stations. In the magnetosphere Pc5 waves were observed by Cluster and Polar satellites, which occupied positions in the morning part of the near tail at the close field lines but were parted by distance of 11.5 Re, mainly along the x-axis of the GSM coordinate system. Both compressional and transverse components of the Pc5 wave activity were observed in the space, with the transverse component having the larger amplitude. Time delay between the Cluster and Polar satellites was about 8 minutes, which could be interpreted as a wave propagation from the geomagnetic tail to the Earth with the 150 km/s group velocity. The ground-based Pc5 activity was analysed by using data from the Image magnetometer network. Doubtless demonstrations of a field line resonant structure were found in variations of amplitude and polarization with latitude. Finnish chain of search coil magnetometers observed modulated Pc1 emission simultaneously with the Pc5 wave train. A possibility of non-linear impact of Pc5 wave energy on the plasma and waves in the magnetosphere is discussed.     

Photo-alteration of hydantoins against UV light and its relevance to prebiotic chemistry

Aqueous solutions of 5-substituted hydantoins were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, to investigate their structural stability against UV radiation as well as the possible photolysis products. The photolysis products were identified and the degree of photolysis was measured using reversed-phase and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydantoin (2,4-imidazolidinedione) was dominantly detected as a photolysis product of 5-substituted hydantoins. With hydrolysis of UV-irradiated 5-substituted hydantoins, glycine and alanine were dominantly detected. These experimental results are important for the prebiotic photochemistry of 5-substituted hydantoins in the formation of hydantoin since they have been detected in Solar System materials.     

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

Ariane 5 GTO debris mitigation using natural perturbations

GTO objects can potentially collide with operative satellites in LEO and GEO protected regions. Internationally accepted debris mitigation guidelines require that these objects exit these protected regions within 25?years, e.g. by re-entering and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, an inventory of the GTO debris generated from Ariane 5 launches in the period 2012–2017 is provided, and it is expected that none of these objects will re-enter within 25?years. For future launches, natural perturbations can be exploited to increase compliance with mitigation guidelines without the use of extra propellant or complex de-orbiting systems, which is attractive from an economic point of view. The lifetime of GTO objects is very sensitive to initial conditions and some environmental and body-related parameters, mainly due to the effect of solar gravity on the perigee altitude. As a consequence, the lifetime of a specific GTO object cannot be predicted accurately, but its probability of re-entering in less than 25?years can be estimated with proper accuracy by following a statistical approach. By propagating the orbits of over 800,000 simulated Ariane 5 GTO objects, it was found that the launch time leading to the highest probability of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines for GEO launches from Kourou corresponds to about 2 PM local time, regardless of the date of launch, which leads to compliance rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Current practice is to launch at around 5–9?PM, so a change in procedures would be required in order to reach a higher degree of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines, which was predicted to be on average below 20% for the objects generated in the period 2012–2017.     

水杨醛缩－5－碘－8－氨基喹啉新西夫碱试剂的合成及其分析应用研究──分光光度法测定痕量镓

本文介绍了水杨醛缩－５－碘－８－氨基喹啉新西夫碱的合成、提纯与鉴定。特别对其性质及其与镓金属离子显色反应的光度特性作了研究，其配合物３．４９×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１）．     

CFM56-5B 发动机VBV故障引起的EGT超温故障分析

从可变放气活门系统(VBV)的组成和工作原理入手,通过对系统部件和关联部件工作分析,结合维护过程的故障历史,指出了故障的排除方法和维护提示.     

钛酸铝陶瓷的制备

采用固相法一步烧成Al2TiO5时,为了保证反应充分进行,防止反应过程中晶粒的异常长大,采用湿法球磨的方法使反应原料Al2O3和Anatase-TiO2充分混合均匀。研究了球磨过程中Al2O3和Anatase-TiO2料浆的pH值对料浆中颗粒Zeta电位的影响和分散剂的添加量对料浆粘度以及烧成制度对反应产物的影响。研究表明料浆的pH值为9.7和分散剂的添加量为0.6wt%(相对固相粉体的质量)时可以制备出均匀的Al2O3和Anatase-TiO2悬浮料浆;料浆经注浆成型干燥后得到的坯体,在1450℃保温两小时,固相反应得到充分进行,全部生成Al2TiO5。     

多特征融合的月面采样遥操作视觉定位方法

嫦娥五号月面采样任务中,采样机械臂受到臂杆与关节柔性的影响其末端存在操作误差,需要依靠着陆器和机械臂携带多个视觉相机的定位引导,才能实现采样、放样、样品罐抓取与转移放置等精确操作。针对上述需求,本文设计了基于着陆器监视相机和机械臂末端臂载相机相结合的定位方案,提出了基于圆形目标自然特征和靶标特征结合的视觉定位方法,建立了基于成像光束逆投影的多特征融合视觉定位统一框架,分析了不同工况条件下机械臂操作误差对视觉定位收敛性的影响,设计了不同类特征的同尺度误差模型及其迭代优化策略,针对不同操作应用场景实现了基于单个或多个相机的不同类型特征组合定位。经试验分析验证,采样操作中的双目椭圆视觉定位精度优于2 cm,放样与抓罐等操作中的圆形目标与靶标组合特征视觉定位的精度优于2 mm,达到了机械臂精确操作引导的要求,成功支撑了嫦娥五号月面采样封装任务的实施。     

深空网干涉测量数据对嫦娥五号定轨能力分析

针对嫦娥五号探测器(CE-5)开展基于深空网测量数据的定轨能力分析.首先从测量原理分析了深空网VLBI数据的误差源,然后利用CE-5的精密轨道评估了 VLBI数据的误差,最后基于实测数据与协方差分析理论,分析UXB与VLBI数据的定轨能力.结果表明:转移阶段,单独利用深空网测量数据可以获取优于1 km的转移轨道精度,标...