高速粘性内流的高分辨率高精度迎风型杂交格式

本文在有限体积离散和ＬＵ分解的基础上，构造出一个新的隐式迎风型杂交格式，并用于求解定常流动的稳态解。     

INCOLOY907合金晶界相的高分辨图像处理

用高分辨透射电子显微术及高分辨图像处理技术对低膨胀高温合金Ｉｎｃｏｌｏｙ９０７晶界相作了分析研究，经图像处理后，清晰再现了９０７合金各种晶界相的高分辨像。晶界。相与基体结合紧密，界面平直、干净，无中间相析出；晶界正交相和三斜相与基体之间结合紧密，但发现有纳米大小的微小相存在。     

跨音速压气机级三维紊流流场数值模拟

在对跨音速压气机级的动／静双叶排中的三维定常紊流流场数值的模拟中，利用三阶高分辨率ＮＮＤ格式和ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ隐式推进迭代法，既保证了流场中激波的模拟质量和粘性流动特征的正确预估，也实现了求解过程的高效率。对某单级跨音速压气机的计算及其与实验数据的对比证实了本文方法的有效性。将计算推广至多级轴流叶轮机械的情况将会是十分简便的     

基于变精度遗传算法的翼型快速优化设计方法

低碳环保的电动飞机在要求较高升阻比的同时,需要尽量降低成本、缩短研制周期。但高精度的数值模拟时间代价很大,因此针对电动飞机翼型设计中初始翼型较难选取、优化速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于变精度遗传算法的翼型多点快速优化方法。以常用的 Hicks-Henne 型函数为基础,改进了其对翼型后缘描述不精确的问题。在数值模拟阶段,介绍了一种快速气动参数计算软件XFOIL,并分析了该软件的适用性与局限。之后给出了使用XFOIL 与 Matlab 进行联合求解的方法,在无人干预的情况下完全实现了翼型设计与优化的自动化,提高了设计效率。在翼型优化阶段,为保持较高的精度和寻优效率,设计了翼型参数的实数编码方法。针对传统遗传优化算法了改进,设计了染色体变精度杂交方法以及动态惩罚方法。最后,给出了基于遗传算法的多点优化方案,以及翼型多目标快速优化一体化设计方案。仿真分成两部分进行,首先改进的 Hicks-Henne 型函数能够有效实现参数化翼型的后缘夹角改变。通过与 NSGA-II 方法的优化结果对比,本文的方法在一定迭代次数范围内获得的升阻比更高,失速特性更加缓和,特别是在综合提高翼型优化效率方面表现较好。仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速获得多种工况下具有较高升阻比的翼型,也可以作为进一步优化的初始翼型,能提高翼型优化效率。     

IC10单晶高温合金室温和750℃高周疲劳行为

在涡轮叶片服役过程中,疲劳是其失效的重要原因之一,而已有研究主要针对不同应变速率下IC10合金1 100℃低周疲劳性能展开,本文研究定向凝固IC10单晶高温合金静态空气介质环境下室温和750℃高周疲劳性能。在应力比R=-1、f≈83.3Hz条件下,进行高周疲劳试验,并利用扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行观察;基于试验观测结果,讨论室温和750℃下IC10单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能差异的内在机制。结果表明:IC10单晶室温疲劳强度为288 MPa,750℃疲劳强度为416 MPa;裂纹萌生于试样表面或近表面缺陷处,断口主要由裂纹萌生区、稳态扩展区和组成。     

不同中间层合金对IC10合金的连接

采用B或Zr作为降熔元素分别配制不同中间层合金,并对IC10合金进行连接.分析不同状态下焊缝组织.结果表明,含B中间层合金连接IC10时,保温时间较长可以达到等温凝固,而含Zr中间层合金在本试验条件下表现为钎焊过程.     

欧空局深空网的现状和发展趋势

随着深空任务的发展 ,欧空局 (ESA)正在建设自己的全球深空网。该网主要由欧洲航天操作中心和三个深空地面站组成 ,其中位于澳大利亚珀斯附近的新诺舍 35m深空站已投入使用 ,位于西班牙马德里附近的塞布里洛斯深空站将于 2 0 0 5年初建成。欧空局正为在经度相隔 12 0°左右的地方建设第三个深空地面站选点。三个站的性能指标基本相同。本文介绍了欧洲航天操作中心和新诺舍 35m深空站的组成、功能及技术指标     

Z-A模型的修正及在预测本构关系中的应用

Zerilli-Armstrong(Z-A)模型是基于热激活位错运动理论建立的具有物理理论基础的本构模型,但是模型建立的初始假设,降低了其预测精度.为此通过引入考虑应变率和温度耦合效应的应变强化指数对Z-A模型进行修正,拓展了其适用范围,并将修正后的Z-A模型应用于描述IC10合金在不同温度和应变率条件下的塑性流变行为.与修正前Z-A模型的预测结果及试验结果比较表明:修正后Z-A模型的预测精度有较大程度的提高,最大平均相对误差值从6.41%降低到3.65%.      

The Geology of Mercury: The View Prior to the MESSENGER Mission

Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior dominated by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth’s Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (∼1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at ∼3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data.     

被动雷达导引头两点源角分辨技术

被动雷达导引头难以分辨落在同一波束内的多个辐射源。本文通过导引头输出的信号,联立方程求解得到两源方位角和俯仰角的解析解,实现了对两点源的角分辨。数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性。