机翼边界层的横流稳定性分析和转捩预测

通过求解经典O-S方程(LST)、扩展的O-S方程(EOS)和线性抛物化稳定性方程(LPSE),对展向无限长、后掠角25°、迎角0°、来流Mach数0.8、单位Reynolds数6.79×106/m的机翼边界层进行了稳定性分析,结合eN方法进行了转捩预测。研究发现无限长后掠机翼在(x,ω)平面上的中性曲线没有下支,在(x,β)平面上的中性曲线呈反拇指的形状,横流不稳定性在机翼前缘占主导作用。当外界扰动进入边界层后,幅值将被直接放大,对于频率相同的扰动,首先是展向波数β大的增长起来,演化到一定位置开始衰减,然后是展向波数β小的逐渐增长起来,并且增长的指数N逐步超过波数大的扰动。转捩在机翼前缘完成,引起转捩的扰动波的展向波长约为2mm。     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

多种失效模式相关的机构运动可靠度计算方法

机构运动中必然存在多种相关失效模式,多为影响机构运动的各类随机变量函数.为了在机构运动可靠性分析中有效考虑多种相关失效模式的影响,建立了考虑多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型,并实现了对多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型的求解,为考虑多种相关失效模式下的机构运动可靠性分析提供了一种有效途径.以6408滚动轴承为例,进行100 000抽样计算,考虑失效模式相关条件下运动可靠度为95.998 9%.该方法精度较高,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值.     

基于无网格算法的化学非平衡流数值模拟

为了验证AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法的精度等以及无网格算法能否用于复杂化学非平衡流数值模拟中,首先将AUSMPW+格式推广到无网格算法中,给出了AUSMPW+在无网格算法中的具体形式。其次,将无网格算法应用于带化学反应的多组分气体Euler方程的求解,给出无网格条件下求解化学非平衡流的具体过程。最后,对NACA0012跨声速绕流场、高超声速弹丸绕流场、氢气/氧气诱导燃烧流场、球锥高超声速绕流场、楔体斜爆轰流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与相关文献计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,表明了AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法中表现较高精度。同时,采用无网格算法能较好地模拟复杂化学非平衡流场,正确分辨复杂的物理现象,为化学非平衡流数值模拟提供一种新的算法,拓宽了无网格算法的应用范围。     

脉冲雷达凝视模式下低轨碎片相对运动特征分析

脉冲雷达凝视模式是一种探测低轨小碎片的重要方式,其中低轨碎片与雷达的径向运动关系是碎片统计分析的基础.为推算碎片相对雷达的运动特征,基于坐标系的相互转换,先利用雷达测站信息,得到可见碎片在地惯坐标系下的轨道信息;再逆向将目标不同时刻的位置转换至测站坐标系下,得到目标的径向运动特征.在不同要素（雷达波束指向、雷达仰角、测站纬度、目标距离）下,仿真及对比分析了各个参数对速度模糊度、雷达可见性等的影响,得出在凝视模式下目标相对雷达近似做径向匀加速运动,这为后续试验工作提供有力的依据.     

上海空港女骑手

日前,我们驱车一个多小时抵达位于金山朱泾镇的上海马术运动场,为的是采访观摩上海机场女子马术队选手的训练场景并一睹机场女骑手的飒爽英姿。据悉,上海机场女子马术队是目前全国企业中唯一的女子马术队。在全球著名企业中,也仅只有英国维珍航空集团等极少数企业拥有女子马术队,因为马术运动是与F1赛车、高尔夫、游艇并称为贵族的奢侈的高档体育运动。上海机场女子马术队组建于2009年3月,现有队员9名。她们全都是青年女性,全都是来自一线的普通员工,全都是先进工作     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

描述人造地球卫星轨道的四元数法

简要介绍了描述人造地球卫星轨道的方法,分析了已有方法在求解空间拦截与交会问题时遇到的困难.通过用四元数描述轨道坐标系空间方位的途径,把四元数引入描述卫星轨道运动的参数体系,用矢量导数转换的方法求出了卫星绝对加速度在轨道坐标系内的表达式,得出了包含四元数在内的卫星质心的空间运动方程.