空泡溃灭过程中的压力波能分析

本文对单泡以及多泡的溃灭过程进行了数值研究,重点分析了其中的能量传递机制。考虑流体介质的黏性、表面张力以及压缩性,建立了模拟空泡运动的两相流控制方程。首先对单泡溃灭过程进行了数值模拟和验证,随后分析了单泡溃灭过程中的能量变化,发现能量首先从空泡势能传递到流场动能,再从流场动能传递到压力波能。在多泡溃灭过程中,发现泡泡间存在强烈的相互作用。外层空泡运动快于内层空泡,能量逐渐聚集在中心泡上,导致中心泡溃灭辐射的压力波能要远高于单泡。无论是单泡还是立方体布置的多泡,随着近壁距离的减小,释放的压力波能逐渐降低。在无量纲近壁距离γ=1.5下,波能转化率约为10%的量级。     

导引头跟踪点跳变对制导精度影响分析

针对导弹正常制导过程中导引头跟踪点突变的情况,理论分析了导引头跟踪点突变对导弹过载指令的影响;对于不同的弹体动力学模型,仿真分析了跟踪点突变对制导系统精度的影响,并分析影响制导系统精度的主要相关因素;最后,探讨了跟踪点突变影响抑制方法。仿真分析表明,文中所述的方法能够有效抑制导引头跟踪点突变对制导精度的影响。     

光纤制导技术的发展与应用研究

分析了光纤制导反坦克导弹的独特作战能力,重点研究了光纤制导的关键技术,展望了未来的技术发展趋势和可能的应用领域。     

膨胀循环氢氧发动机低压火炬的点火能量研究

针对膨胀循环氢氧发动机多次点火需求,采用氢、氧推进剂吸热着火和火炬燃气降温放热的假设,用热力计算方法从理论上分析了推力室采用火炬点火的能量问题。在考虑火炬燃气与推力室内的氧补燃后,富燃低压火炬点火器的点火能量能够满足推力室点火需求。研制了2种低压火炬点火试验系统,对膨胀循环发动机进行了17次点火试验,试验结果与理论分析结果相符,验证了补燃点火假设。     

带末端碰撞角约束的三维联合偏置比例制导律设计

可拦截高/低速目标并带有末端碰撞角约束的制导律设计是研究难点,为此,设计一种三维联合偏置比例制导(UBPN)律。该制导律采用时变偏置角速率和时变比例系数,结合顺轨、逆轨拦截模式的优点,使用负比例系数拦截高速目标(顺轨模式),使用正比例系数拦截低速目标(逆轨模式)。给出偏置角速率的解析形式及时变比例系数的奇点解决方法,及二维约束碰撞角到三维约束碰撞角的具体实现过程。与比例制导律、负比例制导律、偏置比例制导律进行了对比验证,结果表明脱靶量、碰撞角误差均满足制导精度要求。     

求解双曲守恒律方程的自适应人工黏性熵稳定格式

采用熵守恒格式求解双曲守恒律方程不满足熵稳定条件.为了达到熵稳定,需要在熵守恒格式的基础上增加黏性机制,使总熵耗散.鉴于自适应人工黏性在不同的计算区域上其黏性大小的变化特点,在熵守恒通量的基础上添加经过修正的自适应人工黏性通量构造出一种新的结构简单的熵稳定格式.根据自适应人工黏性的自适应性,并经过简单调节黏性比例系数C之后,该格式可以在不使用限制器的情况下达到整体的高分辨率,表现出:在间断区域有足够的数值耗散保证稳定;在光滑区域,黏性很小,不会影响格式在此的高精度.最后的几个数值算例以熵稳定ERoe格式和高分辨率熵稳定EYee格式的数值结果作为参照,分析说明这种格式的特性.     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

Performance deterioration modeling and optimal preventive maintenance strategy under scheduled servicing subject to mission time

Servicing is applied periodically in practice with the aim of restoring the system state and prolonging the lifetime. It is generally seen as an imperfect maintenance action which has a chief influence on the maintenance strategy. In order to model the maintenance effect of servicing, this study analyzes the deterioration characteristics of system under scheduled servicing. And then the deterioration model is established from the failure mechanism by compound Poisson process. On the basis of the system damage value and failure mechanism, the failure rate refresh factor is proposed to describe the maintenance effect of servicing. A maintenance strategy is developed which combines the benefits of scheduled servicing and preventive maintenance. Then the optimization model is given to determine the optimal servicing period and preventive maintenance time, with an objective to minimize the system expected life-cycle cost per unit time and a constraint on system survival probability for the duration of mission time. Subject to mission time, it can control the ability of accomplishing the mission at any time so as to ensure the high dependability. An example of water pump rotor relating to scheduled servicing is introduced to illustrate the failure rate refresh factor and the proposed maintenance strategy. Compared with traditional methods, the numerical results show that the failure rate refresh factor can describe the maintenance effect of servicing more intuitively and objectively. It also demonstrates that this maintenance strategy can prolong the lifetime, reduce the total lifetime maintenance cost and guarantee the dependability of system.     

激光能量沉积降低钝头体驻点压力机制分析

针对高超声速飞行器表面驻点压力较高的问题,在马赫数5的来流条件下,分别采用单脉冲和高重频激光能量注入的方式控制弓形激波。将数值模拟结果与高时空分辨率纹影照片以及驻点压力测量结果相对比,分析了单脉冲激光能量与高超声速流场弓形激波的相互作用过程,结果表明透镜效应是激光能量沉积降低钝头体驻点压力的原因。单脉冲激光能量产生的低压区不能维持,降低驻点压力效率低,因此高重频是更有效的激光能量注入方式。优化了频率为80kHz、功率为自由流焓流6.6%的激光能量沉积位置,计算结果表明当沉积位置与钝头体表面的距离等于钝头体直径的1.5倍时,驻点压力降低了40%。在优化位置提高沉积能量大小至36.9%,可将驻点压力和热流分别降低83.3%和56.9%。     

基于改进A~*算法的进离场航线网络3D规划

为提高终端空域航线设计的自动化水平,对进离场航线进行了研究。针对独立航线规划,提出角度扩展航路点搜索方法,提高算法运行效率。选取水平剖面经济性最优为目标函数,垂直剖面满足最优爬升/下降剖面,实现3D航线网络规划。实例结果表明,在保证航线安全性、经济性的同时,算法运行稳定,效率明显提高。