冰雹的数值模拟方法初探

冰雹的撞击对于飞机的整个结构存在着巨大的威胁,偶尔的一次遭遇冰雹袭击也是对飞机结构性能的严峻考验。由于实验测试需要投入大量的人力财力,因此,建立冰雹的数学模型显得尤为重要。目前所建立的数值模型主要有三种：有限元（FE）模型,任意拉格朗日一欧拉（ALE）模型和光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）模型。首先论证了这些数值模型与实验测试结果吻合的情况,接着模拟了冰雹撞击飞机发动机进气道的过程,最后通过对这三种冰雹模型的比较,得出了SPH模型是分析冰雹撞击飞机问题的最有效、最好的模型的结论。     

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

基于经验模态分解的燃烧不稳定性分析

实验研究了在常温常压条件下贫燃预混旋流火焰的燃烧不稳定性,发生燃烧不稳定性时其压力脉动表现为非平稳信号.利用一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)算法对在当量比分别为0.71和0.80工况下的压力脉动信号进行了时频分析.针对压力脉动信号进行经验模态分解,选取主要的固有模态函数(IMF),对IMF通过HHT变换得到瞬时频率并进行统计分析.结果表明:在当量比为0.71时,压力信号呈间歇式的脉动,其振型为拍振;在当量比为0.80时,脉动压力信号则呈现出极限环振型.在基于EMD的HHT变换中,IMF体现了燃烧不稳定性的固有模态且具有自适应性强的特点.      

基于多项式平方和规划的航空发动机鲁棒LPV/PI控制

针对航空发动机常规(proportion integration,PI)控制器设计过程中难以保证鲁棒性及参数适应性差等问题,提出了一种基于线性变参数(linear parameter varying,LPV)模型及多项式平方和(sum of squares,SOS)规划的控制器设计方法.结合传递函数模型下的鲁棒稳定条件及弱对偶定理给出了多项式描述的LPV模型鲁棒稳定条件,并转化为便于求解的SOS规划问题.根据发动机非线性模型获取不同转速下的传递函数模型,并利用多项式拟合的方法建立发动机LPV模型.根据所提出的定理构造出SOS规划问题,并求解得出LPV/PI控制器.最终以某型双轴涡扇发动机为被控对象,在包线内不同点进行了阶跃仿真,结果表明:高压转子转速控制系统的稳态误差为0,调节时间小于3s.      

X射线脉冲星导航硬件脉冲轮廓累积研究

为了在X射线脉冲星地面实验系统仿真源模拟产生X射线的基础上,能够快速稳定地得到脉冲轮廓,采用硬件历元叠加的方法获得脉冲轮廓。研究了用硬件实现历元叠加及其数据整合的算法,该算法首先在MATLAB现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)中实现,再通过MATLAB硬件描述语言(HDL)代码生成模块把算法转换成HDL,经编译后获得配置硬件的Bit文件,最终在开发板FPGA上实现数据处理的硬件模块。一段时间内的光子到达时间数据通过MATLAB算法得到的脉冲轮廓数据与通过硬件模块处理后得到的数据结果存在误差,在单个时间窗口内误差最大值为2个光子数,误差平均值占光子数统计平均值的0.084%;两组统计的脉冲轮廓数据中不同数据占总数据个数的9.481%,这样的误差不影响后端模拟导航模块的导航。利用硬件实现的历元叠加及其数据整合模块具有处理速度快、设备紧凑、功耗低的特点,为航天器利用X射线脉冲星导航提供了一种可行的硬件数据处理技术上的支持。     

存在观测站位置误差的转发式时差无源定位

无源定位中,由于观测站安放在运动平台等原因造成的观测站位置误差会影响无源定位精度性能。另外到达时间差(简称时差)(TDOA)的转发式测量需要将不同观测站截获到的辐射源信号都转发到同一位置,如主观测站。针对这两个问题,提出了基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的无源定位算法。首先将转发式时差的非线性定位方程转化为不需要中间变量的直接线性方程,再基于CTLS算法依次转化为约束优化问题和无约束优化问题,最后推导给出定位近似闭式解。仿真实验表明在观测站误差较大时,该算法与其他算法相比定位精度性能较好。     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

正十七烷与正十八烷对航空煤油理化性能及液滴平均直径的影响

讨论了正十七烷与正十八烷(C₁₇,C₁₈)对燃料运动黏度、密度、表面张力理化性能的影响,探究了直链烷烃对SMD(Sauter mean diameter)的影响.将Key's混合规律、Tat混合规律和多项式拟合应用于密度公式的拟合,并将Key's混合规律与对数拟合应用于运动黏度公式的拟合,得出的理化性能拟合公式精度较高;通过测量纯煤油及C₁₇,C₁₈混合油雾化的SMD,实验发现随着直链烷烃的质量分数的增加,混合油的运动黏度增加,SMD也随之增加,雾化效果与纯航空煤油的相比较差,而C₁₈混合油的SMD要比C₁₇混合油要大,并且利用密度、运动黏度的拟合公式对SMD进行预测的偏差小于0.3%.      

一种减少失速保护虚警率的混合滤波方法

针对飞机失速保护设计过程中易出现虚警的情况,提出一种基于FIR和传统滤波器相结合的混合滤波方法。结合飞机本体的运动特征,对参与失速保护逻辑运算的两个重要参数,即侧向加速度和迎角信号进行频率分析,基于信号的特征设计混合滤波器,然后采用Simulink滤波工具箱设计滤波器对信号进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明该方法能够减少虚警率的发生,特别是大背景噪声下的虚警率能够得到较好抑制,验证了滤波器设计正确性,从而提高失速保护功能对适航条款符合性。该滤波器设计方法,不但可以有效解决本文提到的问题,对于其他涉及信号处理的系统设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.