利用偏振图像加权融合及CLAHE算法的水下成像方法

针对传统基于偏振差分原理的水下光学成像方法中目标退偏振特性差异引起的图像中局部反射光损失的问题,本文提出了基于偏振图像加权融合与限制对比度自适应直方图均衡（Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, CLAHE）算法的水下成像方法。一方面,将原始水下图像分解为偏振光强图像和非偏振光强图像,根据不同退偏振特性目标在两幅图像中的灰度值分布特点,设计相应的权重因子,对两幅图像进行加权融合。从而实现在压缩原始水下图像中散射光的同时,保留更多目标反射光,提升整体目标反射光在融合图像中所占的比例。另一方面,为了进一步提升融合图像的对比度,利用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡算法对融合图像进行处理。该算法能够在提升融合图像对比度的同时,有效避免图像噪声的放大。实验结果表明,相比于传统的偏振差分方法以及独立的直方图均衡化算法,本文提出的算法能够有效提升水下图像的清晰度和对比度。     

石英挠性加速度计阻尼参数闭环检测方法

石英挠性加速度计作为一种高精度惯性测量传感器,被广泛用于航天器姿态控制及惯性导航中。在石英挠性加速度计设计时,摆组件在腔体内的阻尼系数是一项重要的参数。与摆组件的转动惯量及挠性梁刚度等参数不同,阻尼系数与摆片的表面积、摆组件工作间隙、大气压强等多种因素相关。为了获取石英挠性加速度计正常工作状态下阻尼特性参数,研究了一种基于系统闭环频率响应的阻尼系数测量方法。利用水平振动台获取石英挠性加速度计幅频特性曲线,采用最小二乘参数拟合的方法对石英挠性加速度计阻尼特性参数进行辨识。利用辨识得到的阻尼系数进行仿真,并绘制幅频特性曲线与实际采样输出比对,验证了基于系统频率响应的闭环测量方法有效可行。     

内埋式弹舱舱门气动载荷计算分析研究

采用中心有限体积法进行空间离散和四步Runge-Kutta显式推进方法进行时间推进数值求解了非定常欧拉方程;采用Delaunay方法生成内埋式弹舱舱盖打开时的非结构网格.数值模拟了内埋式轰炸机弹舱单开舱门在分别打开8°和45°时的复杂流场.通过对上述复杂流场的分析,发现作用于舱门的气动载荷具有使其趋向于关闭的特性,且有随打开角度的增大而减小的趋势.     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

Flight Flutter Modal Parameters Identification with Atmospheric Turbulence Excitation Based on Wavelet Transformation

针对基于大气紊流激励的飞机颤振试验数据具有信噪比低以及测量数据以加速度响应形式给出等特点,将小波变换与随机减量法相结合对飞机颤振模态参数进行识别,首先利用随机减量法获得结构在非零初始加速度条件下的自由衰减响应,然后对该自由衰减响应进行Morlet连续小波变换,为使变换简单,本文采用了Parseval定理和留数定理,利用Morlet的带通滤波特性,通过搜索小波变换系数在不同的尺度区域内的极大值,再根据小波变换系数的极大值、相角与固有振动频率及阻尼系数间的关系,即可识别出各模态参数。并对利用小波变换识别颤振模态参数时,实现模态解耦应满足的条件进行了分析研究。通过仿真和飞机颤振试验数据分析,验证了该识别方法不仅简单、有效和可行,而且具有较强的抗噪性。     

航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC

简要介绍了成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念;对像质和像质差异的表征和度量、成像系统性能的表征等予以说明;重点探讨航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC问题,并给出讨论结果。     

航天器虚拟热试验平台的软件架构及其应用

针对我国目前航天领域型号试验任务重、成本高的特点,文章提出搭建航天器虚拟热试验平台以缩短型号研制周期、减少研发成本。虚拟热试验平台结构拟由5个单独模块组成:试验系统描述及边界条件输入模块,虚拟试验运算模块,模型修正模块,结果报表及经济性分析模块和虚拟试验数据库。另外提出了虚拟热试验平台在航天器真空热试验中的应用。     

深空探测器热控系统设计方法研究

针对国外深空探测器热控系统设计方法进行了调研和综述,并在此基础上提出了深空探测器的热控系统设计特点,为我国深空探测器热控系统的设计提供参考。     

高速旋转部件在载人航天器热控系统中的应用

文章阐述了高速旋转部件在载人航天器热控系统中的应用现状,提出了增长部件寿命、改进系统可靠性的建议并介绍了磁悬浮技术。